Occurrence of bisphenols and phthalates in indoor dust collected from Korean homes

Lee, Byoungcheun; Yoon, Hyojung; Lee, Byeongwoo; Kim, Pilje; Moon, Hyo‐Bang; Kim, Younghun

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.051

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This finding was similar to that from a study in Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden, where DEP, DnBP, DiBP, DEHP, DiNP, and DiDP were detected in the majority of house dust samples (>70%) 12,32 . The average concentrations of DEHP, DiNP, and DiDP were the highest in the present study, and the levels were comparable to those measured in 2005 and 2018 in Korea (DEHP: <LOD–1050 μg/g, DiNP: 122–2468 μg/g, DiDP: 20–349 μg/g) 33,34 . The Korean government has regulated DBP, DEHP, and BBzP to be under 0.1% in cosmetics since 2010 and re‐enacted the legislation as of January 2022, adding DnOP, DiBP, DiNP, and DiDP to the restricted substance list 35,36 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…122-2468 μg/g, DiDP: 20-349 μg/g). 33,34 The Korean government has regulated DBP, DEHP, and BBzP to be under 0.1% in cosmetics since 2010 and re-enacted the legislation as of January 2022, adding DnOP, DiBP, DiNP, and DiDP to the restricted substance list. 35,36 Despite the regulation, high levels of phthalates in PVC materials and consumer products were constantly reported.…”

Section: Contaminants In Shdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Kim

Park

Lee³

et al. 2022

Indoor Air

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Settled house dust (SHD) is a reservoir for various contaminants, including endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), trace metals, and house dust mite allergens. This study aimed to characterize various chemical and biological contaminants in SHD and identify determinants governing the indoor contaminants. In total, 106 SHD samples were collected from 106 houses in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea, in 2021. Bedding dust samples were collected from 30 of these 106 houses. All participants completed a questionnaire comprised of housing and lifestyle‐related factors. The samples were analyzed for 18 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 16 phthalates, five alternative plasticizers (APs), seven trace metals, and two house dust mite allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae type 1 [Der f1] and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus type 1 [Der p1]). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants governing the concentrations and profiles of various contaminants. OPFRs, phthalates, APs, and trace metals were detected in all SHD samples, indicating ubiquitous contamination in indoor environments. Among the three EDC groups, APs were detected at the highest concentrations (geometric mean [GM] (geometric standard deviation, [GSD]): 1452 (1.6) μg/g in total), followed by phthalates (GM (GSD): 676 (1.4) μg/g in total) and OPFRs (GM (GSD): 10 (1.4) μg/g in total). Der f1 was detected in all bedding dust samples with significantly higher levels than Der p1 (GM (GSD): 0.1 (1.8) μg/g vs. 1.4 × 10−3 (2.3) μg/g). The concentrations of OPFRs, plasticizers, and trace metals in SHD were significantly associated with the type and number of electronic appliances and combustion activities. Der f1 was significantly associated with the number of occupants and water penetration. Ventilation, vacuum cleaning, and wet cleaning or dry mopping significantly reduced the levels of most contaminants in SHD. As residents are persistently exposed to a wide array of pollutants, comprehensive and adequate measures are required to prevent potential exposures.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Contaminants In Shdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Kim

Park

Lee³

et al. 2022

Indoor Air

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“…The dominance of these phthalates is in accordance with previous studies [50,51] . In addition, DEHP was statistically found to be the major phthalate in indoor air, making up 40.6% of total phthalates [52] . This compound was shown to be added to soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and used as a plasticizer, hence its dominance in indoor environments [53] .…”

Section: Phthalates Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant determination of PAH, PCBs, and phthalates in indoor air and dust from residential houses in the Strasbourg region of France

Al-Alam,

Sοnnette,

Delhοmme

et al. 2024

J Environ Expo Assess

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Global attention is drawn to the significant issue of indoor pollution, given its direct negative impact on human health and wellness. Typically, individuals can nowadays spend 80% or more of their time in enclosed built locations where they can be prone to a multitude of harmful toxic chemicals distributed in particulate and gas phases. Therefore, a systematic efficient monitoring of such chemicals in indoor environments is urgently required to devise and implement various measures that allow their control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the concomitance occurrence of phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) within the indoor settings of residential homes in Strasbourg. It focused on both the indoor air and dust samples collected in nine residential homes in Strasbourg for a one-year sampling period, February 2016 - February 2017. For this, Radiello®, SiC© foams, and Tenax-TA® were successfully introduced and used as reliable passive samplers for the aforementioned matrices. Extractions were carried out using pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) followed by ATD-GC/MSMS analysis. The findings of the presented study revealed that 12 PAHs, 18 PCBs, and 7 phthalates were regularly perceived in the indoor environments of the houses under assessment. In gaseous samples, the average concentrations of the detected pollutant were approximately 3,919, 4.3, and 601.6 ng/sampler for PAHs, PCBs, and phthalates, respectively. As for dust samples, the average concentrations of the detected pollutant were approximately 3,438, 6.2, and 1,816.2 ng/g, respectively. The obtained results showed that PCBs exhibited the lowest concentration in both matrices. However, air samples were mostly contaminated by PAHs, while dust samples showed higher levels of phthalates. These results are correlated to the physico-chemical properties of these compounds and to their origin and source of emission. The findings of this study stress the importance of indoor pollution assessment so that the risks associated with it could be controlled.

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“…BPs are substantially used as reactive or additive raw materials in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins (Lee B. et al, 2021). BPA is a prototypical compound of BPs which has been broadly utilized in various consumer products as well as construction and packaging materials for decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China

Munyaneza

Qaraah²,

Jia³

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) possesses a larger surface area, which enables hazardous chemicals to adsorb. The particle can lodge deep in the lungs and bronchi of humans, causing diverse cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 exposure has significant socioeconomic repercussions as well as an increased risk of mortality. Some features of PM2.5 components have yet to be fully comprehended. PM2.5bound bisphenols (BPs), which mostly originate from the incineration of plastic waste, haven't been profoundly documented, and some of their patterns are not explicitly understood. Between July 2019 and November 2020, the measurement of bisphenol A (BPA) and 5 homologous chemicals was undertaken using outdoor PM 2.5 samples from Shanghai. Three BPs (Bisphenol F (BPF), BPA, and bisphenol S (BPS))were majorly identified (88%; 82% and 75% respectively), with concentration ranges (mean; median) of 0.051 to 7.52 ng/m 3 (2.75 ng/m 3 ; 2.40 ng/m 3 ), 0.014 to 6.32 ng/m 3 (2.44 ng/m 3 ; 2.007 ng/m 3 ), and 0.005 to 4.61 ng/m 3 (0.29 ng/m 3 ; 0.031 ng/m 3 ), respectively. The highest average concentrations (BPA: 3.47

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Occurrence of bisphenols and phthalates in indoor dust collected from Korean homes

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Concomitant determination of PAH, PCBs, and phthalates in indoor air and dust from residential houses in the Strasbourg region of France

Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China

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