Occurrence of bisphenol A and its effects on the human body

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a key component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which are widely used for production of food storage containers and numerous other products, including contact lenses, protective glasses, infant incubators, CDs and DVDs. Moreover, BPA is an additive in the production of dental composites, paints, fungicidal and inflammability reducing agents. Bisphenol A primarily gets to the human body from food products kept in BPA containers. The other important sources of BPA are thermal printing paper tickets and receipts, contaminated water, air and dust. Study findings have confirmed its presence in all body fluids (follicular and amniotic fluids, umbilical blood, milk, urine, foetal serum) as well as numerous tissues and organs (placenta). Bisphenol A can cause various conditions, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory failure, breast cancer, endometriosis, developmental disorders or autoimmune diseases. The permissible dose of BPA, which can be absorbed within 24 hours, is 0.05mg/kg body weight. The materials containing BPA are found worldwide, particularly in quickly developing countries; due to its health-related risks, bisphenol A should be monitored in all elements of natural environment and BPA-containing products.

Study on endocrine disruptors levels in raw milk from cow’s farms: Risk assessment

“…Variable BPA contamination levels may be detected in raw, commercial milk and cheese. Bibliographic data reported higher BPA levels in commercial milk (0.38-5.47 μg/kg, and 14.0-521.0 μg/kg) and cheese (2.24 μg/kg) (Molina-Garcìa et al , 2012; Grumetto et al , 2013 ; Wlodarczyk, 2015 ) than those detected in our study in raw milk. The different contamination levels in raw, commercial milk and cheese could be related to factors, such as the quality of the materials in contact with milk during production at the farm, and the treatment conditions and packaging materials used at the dairy company (Liu et al , 2008 ; Grumetto et al , 2013 ).…”

Peyni̇r Numuneleri̇nde Bi̇sfenol a İçi̇n Kati Faz Ekstraksi̇yon Metotlarinin Karşilaştirilmasi

“…The presence of BPA in dairy products is not surprising since previous studies indicated the presence of BPA in raw milk samples at 1.3-2.4 ng/g in Iran (Sadeghi vd., 2016) and 0.035-2.776 µg/L in Italy (Santonicola vd., 2019) and even at levels up to 521.0 μg/L in commercial milk samples (Grumetto vd., 2013). For comparison purposes, higher concentration of BPA has been found in other foods of animal origin including in egg (133 ng/g) (Liao and Kannan, 2013) and not canned meat (13 μg/kg) (Bemrah vd., 2014), yet somewhat lower in quantified in meat (0.48 μg/kg), poultry liver pate (0.48 μg/kg) and butter (0.56 μg/kg) (Wlodarczyk, 2015). Noticeable differences in the concentration of BPA were observed among cheese types and samples in the current study.…”

Hot topic: Bisphenol A in cow milk and dietary exposure at the farm level

“…We are not aware of any similar study on BPA in raw cow milk. Most studies have reported BPA levels only in commercial milk (from 14.0 to 521.0 µg/L) or cheese (2.24 µg/kg; Grumetto et al, 2013;Wlodarczyk, 2015;Mercogliano and Santonicola, 2018). If we compare our data with contamination levels of commercial milk, the latter are generally higher.…”

“…These differences between raw and commercial milk could be related to different factors, such as the quality of the materials in contact with milk during manufacturing and the treatment conditions at the dairy company (e.g., thermal treatments, packaging; Grumetto et al, 2013). The BPA concentrations quantified in raw milk were high compared with those in principal foodstuffs of animal origin, such as meat (0.48 µg/kg), poultry liver pate (0.48 µg/kg), and butter (0.56 µg/kg), but lower than those detected in sea fish (0.89 µg/kg), eggs (<2-2.4 µg/kg), and fats (<4 µg/kg; Wlodarczyk, 2015).…”