Occurrence of Bacteriophages Infecting Bacteroides fragilis and Other Viruses in Polluted Marine Sediments

Jofre, Joan; Blasi, Marc; Bosch, Albert; Lucena, F.

doi:10.2166/wst.1989.0072

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Compared to coliphages and enteric viruses, B. fragilis phages proved relatively resistant to unfavourable conditions, at least in certain water environments (Tartera et al, 1988;Tartera and Jofre, 1989;Jofre et al, 1989). These findings support their value as models/surrogates for the potential presence of enteric viruses in water environments, and as models/surrogates to assess the survival of enteric viruses in water treatment and disinfection processes.…”

Section: Bacteroides Fragilis Phagesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Among these are phages which infect Bacteroides species, notably B. fragilis (Nacescu et al, 1972;Keller and Traub, 1974;Booth et al, 1979;Kai et al, 1985;Jofre et al, 1989;Tartera and Jofre, 1987;Tartera et al, 1989). The genus Bacteroides is found in the human gastrointestinal tract in large numbers (more than 10 9 -10 10 /g faeces) in comparison to coliform bacteria which range from 10 6 -10 8 /g (Geldreich, 1978;Salyers, 1984).…”

Section: Bacteroides Fragilis Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water

Grabow¹

2004

WSA

184

230

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Phages are valuable models or surrogates for enteric viruses because they share many fundamental properties and features. Among these are structure, composition, morphology, size and site of replication. Even though they use different host cells, coliphages and Bacteroides fragilis phages predominantly replicate in the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals where enteric viruses also replicate. A major advantage of phages is that, compared to viruses, they are detectable by simple, inexpensive and rapid techniques. In view of these features, phages are particularly useful as models to assess the behaviour and survival of enteric viruses in the environment, and as surrogates to assess the resistance of human viruses to water treatment and disinfection processes. Since there is no direct correlation between numbers of phages and viruses, phages cannot to a meaningful extent be used to indicate numbers of viruses in polluted water. The presence of phages typically associated with human and animal excreta indicates the potential presence of enteric viruses. However, the absence of these phages from water environments is generally a meaningful indication of the absence of enteric viruses. This is because phages such as somatic coliphages, F-RNA coliphages and B. fragilis phages generally outnumber enteric viruses in water environments, and they are at least as resistant to unfavourable conditions including those in water treatment and disinfection processes. However, using highly sensitive molecular techniques viruses have been detected in drinking water supplies which yielded negative results in conventional tests for phages. Initially, data on phages were rather confusing because a wide variety of techniques was used. However, techniques for the detection of phages are being standardised internationally. This applies in particular to somatic and F-RNA coliphages, and B. fragilis phages, which are most commonly used in water quality assessment. Reliable and practical techniques now available include direct quantitative plaque assays on samples of water up to 100 ml, and qualitative tests on 500 ml or more using highly sensitive enrichment procedures.

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Section: Bacteroides Fragilis Phagesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Bacteroides Fragilis Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water

Grabow¹

2004

WSA

184

230

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“…However, it is well established that most of these organisms are not restricted to humans but exist also in the intestines of many other warm-blooded animals. New microbial indicators have therefore been proposed that may provide information about both the presence and the origin of fecal pollution (1,3,6,8,11,13,16,18,20,22,25,28,29). Bifidobacteria are one of the most common bacterial types found in the intestines of humans and other animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR with 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Primers of Bifidobacterium spp. To Identify Sources of Fecal Pollution

Bonjoch

Blanch

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bifidobacteria are one of the most common bacterial types found in the intestines of humans and other animals and may be used as indicators of human fecal pollution. The presence of nine human-related Bifidobacterium species was analyzed in human and animal wastewater samples of different origins by using species-specific primers based on 16S rRNA sequences. Only B. adolescentis and B. dentium were found exclusively in human sewage. A multiplex PCR approach with strain-specific primers was developed. The method showed a sensitivity threshold of 10 cells/ml. This new molecular method could provide useful information for the characterization of fecal pollution sources.

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“…Phages were isolated in 91% of these marine sediments. A modification was proposed by Jofre et al (1989), in which a glycine solution is added. Monpoeho performed these two methods, and a recovery 26.5% and 27.5%, respectively, was reported for enteroviruses.…”

Section: Virus Elution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Virus Detection in Soils and Sediments

Staggemeier¹,

Almeida²,

Spilki³

2011

VR&R

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Anthropogenic impacts on soils have become one of the major environmental concerns nowadays. Soils and sediments under water bodies may contain viruses and bacteria on higher loads than those identified in contaminated waters. Thesecontaminants may interfere with the whole environment of the affected area, not only damaging the soil and the water but also affecting wildlife. Viruses can travel across the ground contaminating groundwater. The focus of research concerning viruses in soil matrices has been the destination, transport, and detection of pathogenic viruses exogenous to soils. Many methods have been suggested in the last few years for viral detection in soil and sediments. Viruses can be extracted from soil by elution, concentrated and finally detected by molecular techniques cell culture. There are many elution methods described in the literature and 11 techniques are cited in this review. Molecular detection can be performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and its modifications. New assays for viral quantification are emerging, such as adaptation of plaque assays (PAs), most-probable number assays (MPNs), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), epifluorescence microscopy (EfM), and flow cytometry (FC).

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Occurrence of Bacteriophages Infecting Bacteroides fragilis and Other Viruses in Polluted Marine Sediments

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water

Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water

Multiplex PCR with 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Primers of Bifidobacterium spp. To Identify Sources of Fecal Pollution

Methods of Virus Detection in Soils and Sediments

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