Occurrence of avian pathogenicEscherichia coliand antimicrobial-resistantE. coliin red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa): sanitary concerns of farming

Díaz-Sánchez, Sandra; Sánchez, Sergio; Ewers, Christa; Höfle, Úrsula

doi:10.1080/03079457.2012.687101

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The iucD gene contributes to APEC pathogenesis through an iron-acquisition system and the mediation of aerobactin synthesis [42]. As APEC colonizes its avian hosts, it can spread through the fecal route to the environment potentially threatening humans, animals, and other avian hosts [14]. Furthermore, biological and environmental stress factors can compound the APEC's threat to the livestock and human population [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease has been associated with several virulence genes, including fimC, fimH, papC, iss, stx1, stx2, tss, cvi, and iucD [10][11][12][13]. Virulence factors include invasins, adhesins, protectins, iron acquisition systems, and toxins and are crucial for invasion, colonization, and adherence of the pathogen to the surface of respiratory tract, its resistance mechanisms, its ability to multiply under iron-restricted situation, and its cytotoxic effects [10,14]. Among virulence genes, fimC (Type 1 fimbriae C) is responsible for adherence and colonization on epithelial cells, iucD (iron-uptake systems of E. coli D) is responsible for ironacquisition, and papC (pyelonephritis-associated pili C) is responsible for bacterial adhesion [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence Determinants and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds

et al. 2021

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Migratory birds are carriers of multidrug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. However, their roles in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens are still being neglected in Bangladesh. The present study was therefore carried out to detect multidrug resistant E. coli. In addition, these isolates were also screened for the presence of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)-associated virulence genes. A total of 66 fecal matter samples of migratory birds were screened. E. coli were isolated and identified by culturing and biochemical tests followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). APEC-associated virulence genes were detected by PCR. Disk diffusion assays were employed to investigate antibiogram profiles. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess correlations in resistance patterns between antimicrobials and to assess associations between virulence genes of E. coli. Among the 66 samples assessed by PCR, 55 (83.33%) were found positive for E. coli. Of these 55 isolates, the APEC-associated virulence gene fimC was detected in 67.27% of the isolates, which was significantly higher than in the cases of iucD (29.09%) and papC (5.45%) genes. In addition, three isolates were found positive for all three virulence genes, while 23 and 12 isolates were positive for one and two virulence genes respectively. In the bivariate analysis, significant associations were detected between fimC and iucD virulence genes. Using the antibiogram, all E. coli isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The isolates exhibited 100% resistance against ampicillin and erythromycin in addition to varying percentages of resistance against streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Highly positive correlations between tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were observed by bivariate analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports APEC-associated virulence genes of MDR E. coli from migratory birds in Bangladesh. Results indicate that migratory birds are reservoirs of MDR E. coli isolates carrying APEC-associated virulence genes, which can seriously contribute to the development of human and animal diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Determinants and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds

et al. 2021

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“…APEC is also one of several common bacterial pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in ducks and geese (Lima Barbieri et al, 2017), a cause for concern within the waterfowl-breeding industry in China with a population of 20-30 billion ducks per year (Li et al, 2016). Furthermore, wild ducks and geese and game birds can be carriers of APEC and may serve as potential transmission vectors between reservoirs (Díaz-Sánchez et al, 2012;Elmberg et al, 2017). APEC therefore poses a global threat to food security and avian welfare (La Ragione & Woodward, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes

2021

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Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and carcass condemnation, and impacts the welfare of poultry. Colibacillosis remains a complex disease to manage, hampered by diagnostic and classification strategies for E. coli that are inadequate for defining APEC. However, increased accessibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has enabled phylogenetic approaches to be applied to the classification of E. coli and genomic characterization of the most common APEC serotypes associated with colibacillosis O1, O2 and O78. These approaches have demonstrated that the O78 serotype is representative of two distinct APEC lineages, ST-23 in phylogroup C and ST-117 in phylogroup G. The O1 and O2 serotypes belong to a third lineage comprised of three sub-populations in phylogroup B2; ST-95, ST-140 and ST-428/ST-429. The frequency with which these genotypes are associated with colibacillosis implicates them as the predominant APEC populations and distinct from those causing incidental or opportunistic infections. The fact that these are disparate clusters from multiple phylogroups suggests that these lineages may have become adapted to the poultry niche independently. WGS studies have highlighted the limitations of traditional APEC classification and can now provide a path towards a robust and more meaningful definition of the APEC pathotype. Future studies should focus on characterizing individual APEC populations in detail and using this information to develop improved diagnostics and interventions.

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“…The cases detected here may have been exacerbated by stress‐related immunosuppression, caused by suboptimal ecological conditions impacting on a species strongly linked to its territory and ethological habits. Microbiological/bacterial findings: Alectoris rufa, genetically similar to A g whitakeri, is known to be highly susceptible to colibacillosis 41 42. Stressors, such as starvation, thermal and/or migratory stress, toxicosis, adverse environmental conditions or trauma, can cause immunosuppression and promote colonisation of tissues by opportunistic pathogens 44,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory findings on the health status of the endemic rock‐partridge (Alectoris graeca whitakeri) population during a two‐year conservation programme in Sicily

Puleio

Manno

Valenza

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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Sicily (Italy) hosts an ‘endangered’, endemic population of Alectoris graeca whitakeri, commonly known as Sicilian Rock Partridge. An EU-funded Life Natura 2000 project has been founded, involving Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily for veterinary aspects: a total of 15 Sicilian Rock Partridge found dead were collected, identified and processed by postmortem examination and laboratory investigations. The evidence of internal parasites was the most relevant finding, showing different types of infections by Nematoda, Cestoda and Coccidia. 60 per cent of these cases were infected with more than one parasite. In one single case, a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli related to granulocytic lesions in liver was found and another cause of death was due to respiratory disease caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. The study represents the first veterinary report on this rare species and underlines the importance to monitor the health status of wild species in the Italian environment in order to preserve local biodiversity.

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Occurrence of avian pathogenicEscherichia coliand antimicrobial-resistantE. coliin red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa): sanitary concerns of farming

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Virulence Determinants and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds

Virulence Determinants and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds

The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes

Laboratory findings on the health status of the endemic rock‐partridge (Alectoris graeca whitakeri) population during a two‐year conservation programme in Sicily

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