Occurrence of aryl and alkyl-aryl phosphates in Canadian house dust

Kubwabo, Cariton; Fan, Xinghua; Katuri, Guru Prasad; Habibagahi, Arezoo; Rasmussen, Pat E.

doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2021.07.002

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Data summaries for all of the substances included in this paper are provided in the Supplementary Information (SI-6 to SI-16) , and details of the analytical methods were published previously. Analytical approaches were developed or optimized, in Health Canada laboratories, to provide quantitative determinations of the synthetic organic compounds [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 ]. Total element concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), or (in the case of mercury) direct solid sample analysis using atomic absorption spectrometry [ 17 , 22 , 47 , 55 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite (whole-house) vacuum dust samples were collected from 13 cities during the winter season of 2007 to 2010 (incl.) and analysed quantitatively for organic and inorganic contaminants [ 17 , 22 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. This study uses Spearman rank analysis to identify relationships between house characteristics and 59 elements (metals and metalloids), and >200 synthetic organics, including phthalates; bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA analogues; organophosphate esters (OPEs); halogenated flame retardants including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs); octylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates; aryl and alkyl-aryl phosphates; bactericides (parabens); pesticides (e.g., permethrin, organochlorines); and synthetic musks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Rasmussen

Kubwabo

Gardner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study investigates associations between house characteristics and chemical contaminants in house dust, collected under the nationally representative Canadian House Dust Study (2007–2010). Vacuum samples (<80 µm fraction) were analysed for over 200 synthetic organic compounds and metal(loid)s. Spearman rank correlations between contaminant concentrations in dust and presence of children and pets, types of flooring, heating styles and other characteristics suggested a number of indoor sources, pointing to future research directions. Numerous synthetic organics were significantly associated with reported use of room deodorizers and with the presence of cats in the home. Hardwood flooring, which is a manufactured wood product, emerged as a source of metal(loid)s, phthalates, organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers, and obsolete organochlorine pesticides such as ∑DDT (but not halogenated flame retardants). Many metal(loid)s were significantly correlated with flame-retardant compounds used in building materials and heating systems. Components of heating appliances and heat distribution systems appeared to contribute heat-resistant chemicals and alloys to settled dust. Carpets displayed a dual role as both a source and repository of dust-borne contaminants. Contaminant loadings (<80 µm fraction) were significantly elevated in heavily carpeted homes, particularly those located near industry. Depending on the chemical (and its source), the results show that increased dust mass loading may enrich or dilute chemical concentrations in dust. Research is needed to improve the characterisation of hidden indoor sources such as flame retardants used in building materials and heating systems, or undisclosed ingredients used in common household products, such as air fresheners and products used for companion animals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Rasmussen

Kubwabo

Gardner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both compounds are widely used together due to their advantageous characteristics, such as good thermal stability, high efficiency, and low volatility. They are primarily used as flat-screen protection for TVs and other electronics such as monitors and smartphones [6,82].…”

Section: Physicochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some compounds have been widely used in research, and even though much information is available, the effects of other types of organophosphates remain to be elucidated. For example, toxicity data on BPA-DP and RDP are limited, so their consequences on human health are unknown [82].…”

Section: Toxicological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardants: New and Old Environmental Contaminants

Miranda¹,

Sampaio²,

Leite³

et al. 2022

The Toxicity of Environmental Pollutants

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Flame retardants are a group of compounds used in a variety of consumer goods to inhibit or retard the spread of flames. Several classes of chemical compounds have such capabilities, however, the persistence of these compounds in the environment and their toxicity are crucial points for a risk assessment. Classes such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have already been banned in some parts of the world while they are still permitted and extensively used in other parts of the globe. In the need for substitutes for the toxic compounds used, new structures have been synthesized and suggested by the industry as an alternative and substitutives flame retardants. The objective of this review is to address the classes of compounds used as flame retardants in terms of their toxicity to human or non-human organisms and their persistence in the environment.

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“…Furthermore, the mechanical and optical properties of PP, including impact strength, tensile strength, flexural modulus and haze value, can be improved by reducing the size of spherulites [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The traditional organic α-nucleating agents such as dibenzylidene sorbitol [ 20 , 21 ], aryl phosphates [ 22 , 23 ], carboxylates and rosin salts [ 24 , 25 ] have been developed to enhance the crystallization property of PP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of a New Nucleating Agent by Molecular Structure Modification of Aryl Phosphate and Its Effect on Application Properties of the Polypropylene

Lin,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In this work, a novel α-nucleating agent (NA) for polypropylene (PP) termed APAl-3C-12Li was prepared and evaluated compared with the commercially available type NA-21. For the synthesis of the organophosphate-type NA (APAl-3C), the -OH group of the acid part of NA-21 was substituted by the isopropoxy group. The structure of APAl-3C was analyzed by spectroscopy and element analysis, the results of which were consistent with the theoretical molecular formula. APAl-3C’s thermal stability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG), which showed only weak mass loss below 230 °C, meaning that it would not decompose during the processing of PP. The APAl-3C-12Li was used as a novel nucleating agent, studying its effects on crystallization, microstructure, mechanical and optical properties. Tests were performed in a PP random copolymer at different contents, in comparison to the commercial NA-21. The composite with 0.5 wt% APAl-3C-12Li has a similar crystallization temperature of 118.8 °C as with the addition of 0.5 wt% NA-21. An advantage is that the composite with the APAl-3C-12Li has a lower haze value of 9.3% than the counterpart with NA-21. This is due to the weaker polarity of APAl-3C-12Li after the introduction of methyl and better uniform dispersion in the PP matrix, resulting in stronger improvement of optical and mechanical properties.

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Occurrence of aryl and alkyl-aryl phosphates in Canadian house dust

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Flame Retardants: New and Old Environmental Contaminants

Exploitation of a New Nucleating Agent by Molecular Structure Modification of Aryl Phosphate and Its Effect on Application Properties of the Polypropylene

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