Occurrence of alkylphenols and alkylphenol mono- and diethoxylates in natural waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes basin and the upper St. Lawrence River

Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta, China

“…Obviously the concentration of NP was 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of other EDCs, and the concentrations of OP and BPA were in the similar range that was 1 order of magnitude higher than those of E1 and E2. It was noted that the sedimentary NP concentrations were 1-2 order magnitude higher than those of OP (Table 1), consistent with other observations on riverine sediments in other countries (Bennie et al, 1997;Snyder et al, 1999;Ferguson et al, 2001;Blackburn et al, 1999;Tsuda et al, 2000;Isobe et al, 2001;Heemken et al, 2001). This observation demonstrated that nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), precursors of NP, dominated the usage of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), precursors of APs, in the PRD areas.…”

“…Owing to the importance of sediments on the transport, fate and bioavailability of EDCs, investigations on the sediment contamination of EDCs have been widely carried out (Naylor et al, 1992;Hale et al, 2000;Isobe et al, 2001;Heemken et al, 2001;López de Alda et al, 2002;Jonkers et al, 2003;Rice et al, 2003;Li et al, 2004a,b;Patrolecco et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2007;Labadie et al, 2007), and phenolic xenoestrogens with high levels were reported worldwide. For example, the sedimentary concentrations of nonylphenol and octylphenol were up to 72,000 ng/g and 1800 ng/ g dw, respectively, from Hamilton Harbor of the Great Lakes, Canada, which was highly impacted by anthropogenic activities (Bennie et al, 1997). Although estrogen-monitoring studies have been conducted in more than 30 countries, limited studies on the occurrence and distribution of EDCs, in particular, steroid estrogens, in riverine sediments were carried out in the developing countries including China (Gong et al, 2009), which is growing to be the world factory with the largest population in the world.…”

Sequential ASE extraction of alkylphenols from sediments: Occurrence and environmental implications

“…OP was 1-2 order magnitude lower than NP, which is consistent with other previous investigations [7,38]. Compared with the other aquatic surface sediments (Fig.…”

“…3), the concentrations of total APs in this study are generally higher than most of those reported for other areas of the world, and lower than those of the two samples in the Hamilton Harbor site, Canada [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. High concentrations of APs were reported for other highly industrialized and urbanized areas, such as Hamilton Harbor of the Great Lakes (up to 72,000 ng/g dw of NP and 1800 ng/g dw of OP) [38], Virginia (USA) sediments adjacent to STPs and outfall (up to 14,100 ng/g dw) [23], and Jamaica Bay (NY, USA)(up to 13,700 ng/g dw of NP and 45 ng/g dw of OP) [25]. How- ever, the concentrations of NP and OP in surface sediments from the Pearl River estuary and nearby South China Sea ranged from 59 to 571 ng/g dw for NP and from 1 to 18 ng/g dw for OP [20], which were comparable to those found in Tokyo Bay (120-640 ng/g dw of NP and 6-10 ng/g dw of OP) [10].…”

Nonylphenol mass transfer from field-aged sediments and subsequent biodegradation in reactors mimicking different river conditions

“…Branched nonylphenol was used as model compound for aerobically biodegradable non-halogenated organic pollutants that are persistent under anaerobic conditions, because (1) it is a pollutant found in many river systems (Bennie et al 1997;Heemken et al 2001;Navarro et al 2009;Wu et al 2007), (2) it can cause toxicological effects on aquatic biota because of its estrogenic activity, although concentrations are mainly present below effect concentrations (Soares et al 2008), (3) it adsorbs to and desorbs from sediments (de Weert et al 2008), and (4) is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but persistent under anaerobic conditions (Corvini et al 2006).…”