Occurrence of agrochemical residues in beeswax samples collected in Italy during 2013–2015

Perugini, Monia; Tulini, S. M. R.; Zezza, Daniela; Fenucci, Stefano; Conte, Annamaria; Amorena, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.321

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, the median concentration of 4-F-3-BPA in the studied cohort, < LOD, is similar to those found in previous studies, < LOD-0.14 ng/mL. Some pyrethroids have authorized use in Italy for beekeeping activities (Perugini et al, 2018). They have also been found in wastewater (Rousis et al, 2016).…”

Section: Pyrethroidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste)

Bravo

Grimalt

Bocca

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides from seven years old children of a birth cohort study (n=199; PHIME cohort of Trieste, Italy) have been measured. Six OP and two PYR metabolites have been investigated, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (DEAMPY, pirimiphos metabolite) was the one found at higher concentrations, median 3.4 ng/mL specific gravity adjusted (SG adjusted), followed by 4nitrophenol (PNP, median 1.4 ng/mL SG adjusted) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY, median 0.36 ng/mL SG adjusted), parathion and chlorpyriphos metabolites, respectively. TCPY concentrations were low in comparison to other distributions of OP metabolites in children from other studies. Accordingly, the PHIME cohort showed a distinct OP metabolite distribution with high concentrations of pirimiphos and parathion. Another specific characteristic of this cohort was the high concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-BPA, median 0.36 ng/mL SG adjusted), a general metabolite of PYR pesticides. Evaluation of anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics of children and families only showed a positive association between family educational level and urinary concentrations of DEAMPY metabolite (p < 0.05), which could reflect distinct dietary habits depending on the educational level. Estimated daily intakes were evaluated, all studied metabolites were found within safe levels.

show abstract

Section: Pyrethroidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste)

Bravo

Grimalt

Bocca

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chlorfenvinphos presence has already been reported in a previous Belgian survey, with 50% occurrence (N = 10) and a concentration fluctuating between 0.008 and 0.015 mg kgˉ1 (Ravoet et al, 2015) as well as in a German study in 8.6% of the analysed samples (N = 288), with concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 6.4 mg kgˉ1 (Shimshoni et al, 2019). In Italy, 34.5% of the analysed wax samples (N = 178) were positive to chlorfenvinphos with concentrations reported of 0.01 to 0.63 mg kgˉ1 (Perugini et al, 2018). Pollen was as well continuously contaminated over months and years (Tosi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues And Honey Bee Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Their frequent use over the past few years resulted in substantial residue levels in beeswax. These Varroa-treatments are well known and have previously been reported worldwide as prevalent contaminants in honey bee colonies (Bommuraj et al, 2019;Chauzat and Faucon, 2007;Harriet et al, 2017;Herrera López et al, 2016;Johnson et al, 2010;Mullin et al, 2010;Perugini et al, 2018;Van Engelsdorp et al, 2010). The high chemical stability and the low migration rate of these highly lipophilic acaricides drive them to accumulate in wax to concentrations up to the mg kgˉ1 (Lozano et al, 2019).…”

Section: Validation Of Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide and veterinary drug residues in Belgian beeswax: Occurrence, toxicity, and risk to honey bees

Agrebi

Traynor

Wilmart

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pesticide and veterinary drug residues are one of the stress factors affecting bee health and mortality. To investigate the occurrence, the concentration and the toxicity risk to bees of pesticide residues in four different types of beeswax (brood comb wax, recycled comb wax, honey comb wax, and cappings wax), 182 samples were collected from apiaries located all over the Belgian territories, during spring 2016 and analysed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS for the presence of 294 chemical residues. The toxicity risk to bees expressed as the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated for each wax sample, according to two scenarios with different tau-fluvalinate LD 50 values. Residues showing the highest prevalence were correlated to bee mortality in a multivariate logistic regression model and a risk-based model was used to predict colony bee mortality. Altogether, 54 different pesticide and veterinary drug residues were found in the four types of beeswax. The residues with a higher likelihood to be retained in beeswax are applied in-hive or with a high lipophilic nature. The multivariate logistic regression model showed a statistically significant influence of chlorfenvinphos on bee mortality. All our results indicated that cappings wax was substantially less contaminated. This national survey on beeswax contamination provides guidelines on the re-use of beeswax by beekeepers and shows the necessity to introduce maximum residue levels

show abstract

“…Waxes with impurities are called counterfeit [7][8][9][10]. It poses a serious threat to the beekeeping industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of beeswax and its falsification by the method of infrared spectroscopy

Vyshniak¹,

Dimitriev²,

Litvynchuk³

et al. 2018

Ukr. food j.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. The purpose of the research was to determine the characteristics of the infrared spectra of reflection and absorption of beeswax, as well as wax with the content of impurities in it, in particular paraffin and ceresin. Materials and methods. Natural beeswax, paraffin, ceresin, as well as their mixtures were investigated by infrared spectroscopy of reflection and absorption using Infrapid-61, Luminar 5030 and SPECORD M-80 spectrometers. Results and discussion. Infrared reflection spectra from smooth surfaces of samples (paraffin, ceresin, wax, a mixture of beeswax and ceresin, a mixture of wax paraffin and ceresin, a mixture of wax and paraffin) have a similar structure. There are two clearly expressed maxima at wavelengths of 1510 and 1581 nm. The ratio R w (1581)/R w (1510) varies from 1.115 to 1.265. The smallest value corresponds to natural beeswax, and the maximum value is ceresin. After shredding the sample, the infrared spectral diffuse reflections did not undergo significant changes, the most intense spectral maxima did not change its position, but the redistribution of spectral lines by intensity was happened out. There were pronounced differences in the region from 1723 to 2400 nm. The coefficient  for the reflection spectra from the smooth surface was ~ 1.2, and for the reflection spectra from the crushed samples ~ 1.1. The reflection spectra in the region from 1100 to 1350 nm have a clear maximum at a wavelength of 1212.5 nm. IR reflection spectra allowed us to clarify the difference between the natural beeswax and ceresin through the ratio of reflection features at 1510 and 1581 nm: the maximal ratio corresponded to the former, while the smallest one to the latter. The different proportion of bands corresponding to CH 2 and CH 3 stretching vibrations suggested that hydrocarbon chains of wax molecules are longer than those of paraffin and ceresin studied. It was found that hydrocarbon contaminants in the bee wax are associated with narrowing of the C=O band at ~1736 cm-1. Conclusions. The detected spectral laws will enable the identification of natural beeswax and detect its counterfeit.

show abstract

Occurrence of agrochemical residues in beeswax samples collected in Italy during 2013–2015

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste)

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste)

Pesticide and veterinary drug residues in Belgian beeswax: Occurrence, toxicity, and risk to honey bees

Identification of beeswax and its falsification by the method of infrared spectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About