Occurrence of aflatoxin B1, citrinin and ochratoxin A in rice in five provinces of the central region of Vietnam

Validation of a UHPLC-FLD method for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in barley

“…In the literature, methods based on HPLC analysis with either pre-or post-column derivatization for the determination of AFs, OTA or/and ZEA in cereals exit (Chan, MacDonald, Boughtflower & Brereton, 2004, Langseth, Ellingsen, Nymoen & Okland, 1989, Nguyen, Tozovanu, Tran & Pfohl-Leszkowicz, 2007. These methods consist in extraction with a mixture of acetonitrile and water or chloroform and phosphoric acid, followed by purification using inmunoaffinity columns (IAC), liquid-liquid extraction (LLP) or solid phase extraction (SPE).…”

The occurrence of ochratoxin A in white and parboiled rice

“…fumonisin (Makun et al 2011;Ortiz et al 2013;Rofiat et al 2015), aflatoxins (Nguyen et al 2007;Rahmani et al 2010;Aydin et al 2011;Makun et al 2011;Ortiz et al 2013;Lai et al 2014b;Rofiat et al 2015), but also beauvericin (Nazari et al 2015;Rofiat et al 2015), citrinin (Nguyen et al 2007;Rofiat et al 2015), patulin (Makun et al 2011), sterigmatocystin, moniliformin, fumonisin B 3 , cytochalasins (Rofiat et al 2015), enniatins (Nazari et al 2015), zearalenone (Rahmani et al 2010;Makun et al 2011;Lee et al 2015), deoxynivalenol (Dors et al 2011;Makun et al 2011;Ortiz et al 2013), and ochratoxin A (Pena et al 2005;Ghalia et al 2008;Juan et al, 2008;Frelund et al 2009;Buyukunal et al 2010;Rahmani et al 2010;Aydin et al 2011;Bansal et al 2011;Almeidaa et al 2012;Mosayebi & Mirzaee 2014;Rahimi 2014;Venkataramana et al 2015;Xianwen et al 2015). The rice parboiling process increases the migration of mineral salts by about 30% into parboiled rice (compared to white rice) during the soaking and boiling steps (Dors et al 2009).…”

Potential natural exposure of endangered red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) to mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A

“…Seasonal weather patterns, preharvest, harvest, and storage conditions can place agricultural crops at risk for mycotoxin contamination (Schrödter, 2004;Georgiadou et al, 2012;Torres et al, 2014). Some studies have shown that rice not only contains considerable amounts of fungi but is also contaminated with mycotoxins (Park et al, 2005;Nguyen et al, 2007;Bansal et al, 2011;Qiu and Shi, 2014). The high rice contamination observed in this study probably resulted from environmental conditions, especially moisture and temperature, which are conducive to fungal growth and toxin bioproduction.…”