Occurrence and phenotypic properties of verotoxin producingEscherichia coli in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis

Burnens, André P.; Boss, P.; Ørskov, Frits; Ørskov, Ida; Schaad, Urs B.; Müller, F.; Heinzle, R.; Nicolet, Jacques

doi:10.1007/bf01961673

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Finding the newly described diarrhoeal pathogens, especially of varying STEC serotypes, in our patients in a relatively higher proportion (24.1%) than those which have been reported in many countries including Switzerland 1% [21], Germany 1% [22], Belgium 0.2% [23], and 3% [24] France, is of great clinical importance. Notably, some of the serotypes detected (O86, O28) in this study were not those typically known to be associated with STEC and nearly all the strains carry genes known as potential virulence factors associated with STEC infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhoea in Maasailand, Kenya

Sang

Boga

Waiyaki

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli strains are food-borne bacterial pathogens that may cause haemorrhagic colitis (HC) in humans which can lead to life-threatening systemic complication, including haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This study aimed to characterize and analyze virulence properties of pathogenic E. coli isolates among patients with diarrhoea from a Maasai community in Kenya. Methodology: Stool samples from 380 patients of all ages from the Kajiado and Narok districts of Kenya were investigated for the presence of enteric bacterial pathogens by conventional and molecular methods. Results: Bacterial diarrhoea was diagnosed in 141/380 (37.1%) cases, of which enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) compromised 29.8%, shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) 24.1%, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) 14.2%, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) 12.8% and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 3.5%. Gene analysis for STEC virulence factors showed that 52.9% isolates carried stx1, 29.4% possessed stx2, 14.7% carried both stx1 and stx2, and 2.9% had stx2e. 23.5% isolates carried enterohaemolysin and 20.5% isolates possessed the Intimin gene. From 9 strains that exhibited adherence, 7 contained both Intimin and Haemolysin genes. Infections with Intimin-positive STEC strains (46%) were more frequent in patients with bloody diarrhoea, especially in children under 5 years of age, whereas Intimin-negative STEC infections dominated in adults. Conclusion: Although STEC infection as a cause of bloody diarrhoea has not attracted much attention as a medical problem in Kenya, our findings indicate that this is a problem that must be investigated. The 24.1% isolation rate of STEC among the Maasai is one of the highest reported rates worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhoea in Maasailand, Kenya

Sang

Boga

Waiyaki

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Of these, 15 (45), and 1 isolate of serotype O157:HϪ from a patient with HUS in Australia (3). Andre Burnens from the National Reference Laboratory for Food Borne Diseases (Bern, Switzerland) kindly provided 13 human isolates from patients with diarrhea or HUS (7). The source of the Swiss isolates has been described previously (41).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Intimin Subtypes amongEscherichia coliIsolates from Ruminant and Human Sources

et al. 2003

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The intimin gene eae, located within the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, distinguishes enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and some Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains from all other pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli. EPEC is a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, and intimin-positive STEC isolates are typically associated with life-threatening diseases such as hemolyticuremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Here we describe the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that reliably differentiates all 11 known intimin types (␣1, ␣2, ␤, ␥, , , , , , , and ) and three new intimin genes that show less than 95% nucleotide sequence identity with existing intimin types. We designated these new intimin genes Int-, Int-, and Int-. The PCR-RFLP assay was used to screen 213 eae-positive E. coli isolates derived from ovine, bovine, and human sources comprising 60 serotypes. Of these, 82 were STEC isolates, 89 were stx-negative (stx ؊ ) and ehxA-positive (ehxA ؉ ) isolates, and 42 were stx ؊ and ehxA-negative isolates. Int-␤, the most commonly identified eae subtype (82 of

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“…Recent research studies in both developing and developed countries have shown that non-O157 EHEC strains are prevalent and can be more dominant then O157:H7 in some geographical areas [19][20][21][22]. However, front-line laboratories still test only for VTEC O157 and so the true burden of non-O157:H7 EHEC is not known.…”

Section: Detection Of Other Ehec Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroaggregative E. coli O104 from an outbreak of HUS in Germany 2011, could it happen again?

Chattaway

Dallman

Okeke

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) particularly O157:H7 (Sequence type 11 complex), is the best documented and most well-known of E. coli that cause diarrhoea. The importance of EHEC lies in the severity of disease. Outbreaks can infect thousands of people causing bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that in turn can result in protracted illness or even death. The ability of EHEC to colonise the human gut is normally associated with the presence of genes from another group of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), via the locus of enterocyte effacement. However, the massive outbreak in Germany was caused by an EHEC which had acquired virulence genes from yet another group of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In reality EAEC is probably the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea but is not identified in most diagnostic laboratories. This outbreak emphasises the importance of being able to detect all diarrhoeagenic E. coli and not to focus on E. coli O157:H7 alone. Routine surveillance systems for EAEC, a once ignored global pathogen, would go a long way to reaching this goal. This review describes methods for identifying non-O157 EHEC and describes the key genetic features of EHEC and EAEC. Our aim is to provide information for laboratories and policy makers which enables them to make informed decisions about the best methods available for detecting newly emergent strains of diarrhoeagenic E. coli.

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Occurrence and phenotypic properties of verotoxin producingEscherichia coli in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhoea in Maasailand, Kenya

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhoea in Maasailand, Kenya

Distribution of Intimin Subtypes amongEscherichia coliIsolates from Ruminant and Human Sources

Enteroaggregative E. coli O104 from an outbreak of HUS in Germany 2011, could it happen again?

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