Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Noroviruses in Korean Surface Water Between 2007 and 2010

Lee, Gyu-Cheol; Kim, Minjeong; Kim, Jong Ik; Lee, Chan Hee

doi:10.4014/jmb.1311.11089

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, all HAstV genotypes from effluent samples except HAstV-6 were also found in the clinical samples; HAstV-6 was rarely found in previous epidemiological studies (46)(47)(48). All NoV GI genotypes except NoV GI.5 identified in WWTP effluent samples were also found in clinical samples; NoV GI.5 has frequently been isolated worldwide in both clinical studies (49,50) and environmental studies (42,51,52). The only NoV GII genotype which was found in WWTP effluents and not in stool samples was NoV GII.20, which was also found in previous epidemiological studies (53,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Prévost

Lucas

Ambert-Balay³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cAlthough clinical epidemiology lists human enteric viruses to be among the primary causes of acute gastroenteritis in the human population, their circulation in the environment remains poorly investigated. These viruses are excreted by the human population into sewers and may be released into rivers through the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to evaluate the viral diversity and loads in WWTP effluents of the Paris, France, urban area, which includes about 9 million inhabitants (approximately 15% of the French population), the seasonal occurrence of astroviruses and noroviruses in 100 WWTP effluent samples was investigated over 1 year. The coupling of these measurements with a high-throughput sequencing approach allowed the specific estimation of the diversity of human astroviruses (human astrovirus genotype 1 [HAstV-1], HAstV-2, HAstV-5, and HAstV-6), 7 genotypes of noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup I (NoV GI.1 to NoV GI.6 and NoV GI.8), and 16 genotypes of NoVs of genogroup II (NoV GII.1 to NoV GII.7, NoV GII.9, NoV GII.12 to NoV GII.17, NoV GII.20, and NoV GII.21) in effluent samples. Comparison of the viral diversity in WWTP effluents to the viral diversity found by analysis of clinical data obtained throughout France underlined the consistency between the identified genotypes. However, some genotypes were locally present in effluents and were not found in the analysis of the clinical data. These findings could highlight an underestimation of the diversity of enteric viruses circulating in the human population. Consequently, analysis of WWTP effluents could allow the exploration of viral diversity not only in environmental waters but also in a human population linked to a sewerage network in order to better comprehend viral epidemiology and to forecast seasonal outbreaks.T he epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis is mainly evaluated through the use of clinical data. However, clinical data provide only a partial vision of the gastroenteritis viruses circulating in the human population. Indeed, many viral infections do not require specialized consultations or hospitalizations and so are not directly included in clinical statistics. As a consequence, these data sets offer a limited view of the diversity and occurrence of enteric viruses in the human population.Human astroviruses (HAstVs) and noroviruses (NoVs) are among the main causes of human acute gastroenteritis worldwide (1, 2). HAstVs and NoVs are nonenveloped viruses and have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The genome of HAstV is composed of three open reading frames (ORFs), and ORF2, encoding the capsid protein precursor, allows discrimination of eight genotypes of HAstV, HAstV-1 to HAstV-8 (3). The genome of NoV is also composed of three ORFs, and genotyping based on the genetic similarity of ORF2 and ORF3 allows discrimination of 9 genotypes of NoV genogroup I (NoV GI) and 22 genotypes of NoV genogroup II (NoV GII), which are the most common genogroups associated with human infections.HAstVs and NoVs are able to infect i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Prévost

Lucas

Ambert-Balay³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…One sample contained both GI.3 and GI.7, and both were included in the overall count (Table 2) HuNoV GI and GII genotypes (GII. 2,5,7,9,11,12,14,15,16,18,19,20, and 21) were not found ( Table 2). …”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016)

Lee¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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This study investigated the presence of human Norovirus (HuNoV) by genotype in 1,486 groundwater samples, collected from 843 groundwater wells suspected of contamination during 2007−2016, in Republic of Korea. We identified and genotyped 186 HuNoV sequences in 178HuNoV-positive samples using the RIVM-NoroNet norovirus genotyping tool (NGT) and phylogenetic tree analysis based on RIVM-NoroNet reference sequences. HuNoV GII was more prevalent than GI. The major genotypes detected were HuNoV GII.4 (43.0%), GII.22 (15.6%), GI.5 (10.2%) and GI.1 (8.6%); 14 genotypes accounted for < 5.0%. Increasing HuNoV Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5

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“…Norovirus can infect people of all ages, and infection often follows the consumption of virus-contaminated water or foods [1,[5][6][7]. In particular, HuNoV genogroup II genotype 4 (HuNoV GII.4) is the major causative agent of most cases of infection in Korea [8,9]. Since a preventive vaccine is not currently available, the only way of preventing HuNoV infection is consumption of chemically treated clean tap water and heat-treated foods [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of human norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 in post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs

Park¹,

Jung²,

Choi³

et al. 2018

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood owing to the difficulty of establishing viral infection in animal models. Here, postweaning gnotobiotic pigs were infected with human norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (HuNoV GII.4) to investigate the pathogenesis and replication of the virus. Three groups of four pigs were infected with 1 × 10 5 , 1 × 10 6 , or 1 × 10 7 genomic equivalent (GE) copies of HuNoV GII.4. Four pigs were used as negative controls. Blood and rectal swab samples were collected after viral infection, and gross legions were examined after necropsy. Diarrhea was induced in 25% and 75% of pigs infected with 1 × 10 6 and 1 × 10 7 GE copies, respectively. Viral shedding was detected in 50%, 75%, and 50% of pigs infected with 1 × 10 5 , 1 × 10 6 , and 1 × 10 7 GE copies, respectively. Viremia was detected in 25% of pigs infected with either 1 × 10 6 or 1 × 10 7 GE copies. When gross lesions of gastroenteritis were investigated, the ileum walls of the infected pigs were thinner than those of the controls. Villi atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration were identified in the ileum of each infected pig. Viral capsid was identified in the jejunum, ileum, colon, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node. Virus replication was newly verified in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes by detection of negative-sense viral RNA. In conclusion, HuNoV GII.4 could induce acute gastroenteritis and replicate in the extraintestinal lymphoid tissues in post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs. Therefore, such pigs would be a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis and replication of HuNoV.

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Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Noroviruses in Korean Surface Water Between 2007 and 2010

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016)

Pathogenesis of human norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 in post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs

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