Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides in African water systems: A need for timely intervention

Okoye, Charles Obinwanne; Okeke, Emmanuel Sunday; Okoye, Kingsley Chukwuebuka; Echude, Daniel; Andong, Felix Attawal; Chukwudozie, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Okoye, Henrietta Ukamaka; Ezeonyejiaku, Chigozie Damian

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09143

Cited by 55 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Snails were sampled at the three stations with a long-handled scoop net of 2 cm mesh size and handpicking at the river banks and in the hyporheic zone since the depth varies within sampling stations for lotic ecosystems [8,16]. Specimens were collected in pre-labelled plastic containers containing humid or rotting leaves, covered with perforated lids, and transported to the Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Nsukka University.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The continued loss and depletion of freshwater snails is a testament to the fact that, despite significant changes in the quality of water over the past 25 years, more work remains to be done to prevent species extinction. Freshwater snail studies in East Nigeria are approximately ten years old [8]. Based on this evidence, few studies have investigated the effects of environmental changes on populations of freshwater snails.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Changes and Abundance of Freshwater Snails in Anambra River (Nigeria) During the Rainy Season

Okoye

Echude

Chiejina

et al. 2022

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Rapid diversification is a way of responding to environmental change for freshwater organisms. This work examined the physicochemical changes and abundance of freshwater snails in Anambra River (Nigeria) during the rainy season. Field studies were conducted fortnightly from June to August 2019 at three stations of the river namely: Otuocha (station I), Otunsugbe (station II), and Ukwubili (station III) about 8.35 kilometers apart from each other. A scoop net of 2 cm mesh size and handpicking was used to sample freshwater snails randomly and water samples were taken to the laboratory for physicochemical analysis. A total of 896 freshwater snails belonging to 6 species (Afropomus balanoidea, Pomacea maculata, Lymnea stagnalis, Lanistes ovum, Pila wernei, and Saulea vitrea) were collected. Pomacea maculata was the most dominant species with a relative abundance of 45.87 %, while Saulea vitrea was the least dominant species with a relative abundance of 2.34 %. There was a significant negative correlation between dissolved oxygen and Pomacea maculate (r = –0.877, p = 0.002) and a positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and Stagnalis lymnea (r = 0.840, p = 0.005). The diversity of species was highest at Otuocha (1.171) followed by Ukwubili (1.133) and Otunsugbe (0.856) with average mean temperatures of (23.1 ±0.1) °C, (27.30 ±0.00) °C, and (26.80 ±0.03) °C respectively. The distribution of freshwater snails was influenced by the physicochemical variability of Anambra River during the rainy season. Therefore, further studies for a longer time and different seasons to examine the impact of physicochemical changes on the snail distribution are encouraged.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Changes and Abundance of Freshwater Snails in Anambra River (Nigeria) During the Rainy Season

Okoye

Echude

Chiejina

et al. 2022

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Indiscriminate use of household products releases these compounds and their metabolites into the environment. These compounds are ubiquitously present in all waters (surface, ground, and wastewaters) at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L (Okoye et al, 2022 ). For example, nonionic surfactants were reported in the waters of Long Island Sound (USA) ranging from 1.4 to 4.5 µg/L (Lara‐Martín et al, 2014 ) and the Krka River estuary (Croatia) ranging from <0.02 to 1.3 µg/L (Kvestak & Ahel, 1994 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Green Household Consumer Products Less Toxic than Conventional Products? An Assessment Involving Grass Shrimp (Palaemon pugio) and Daphnia magna

Gray

Miller

Weinstein

2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Although it is generally assumed that green household consumer products (HCPs) contain individual compounds that are less toxic and/or more degradable than conventional HCPs, little research on this topic has been conducted. In our assessments, larval grass shrimp (Palaemon pugio) were used in a biodegradation study and juvenile freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia magna, were used in a photodegradation study. In each study, organisms were exposed to nondegraded and degraded treatments consisting of one green HCP and two conventional HCPs in six different categories (laundry detergent, dish detergent, mouthwash, insecticide, dishwasher gel, and all‐purpose cleaner). Sensitivity to these products were assessed using 48‐h static acute toxicity tests, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) then compared using an LC50 ratio test. For grass shrimp, only one green HCP (insecticide) was less toxic than both conventional HCPs. In one category (laundry detergent), the green HCP was the more toxic than either conventional HCP. Following a biodegradation treatment, none of the green product formulations became less toxic, whereas 44.4% of the conventional HCPs demonstrated decreased toxicity. For daphnids, green HCPs in three categories (dish detergent, insecticide, and all‐purpose cleaner) were less toxic than both conventional products tested. Following a photodegradation treatment, two green product formulations (dish detergent and dishwasher gel) became less toxic (33.3%), whereas 87.5% of the conventional HCPs demonstrated decreased toxicity. The present study demonstrates that green HCPs are not necessarily less toxic and/or more degradable than their conventional counterparts. These results also suggest that the toxicity and degradability of end‐product formulations need to be considered in the overall framework for green product evaluation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2444–2453. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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“…They have a diameter of fewer than 5 m, are made up of various chemical constituents, and can be found in environmental compartments [ 1 ]. Ecosystems receive plastic pollution in 1.15–2.41 million tonnes per year [ 2 , 3 ]. The degradation, weathering or expsore of plastic frgaments to ultraviolet light results to the formation of MPs and NPs [ [4] , [5] , [6] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro and nanoplastics ravaging our agroecosystem: A review of occurrence, fate, ecological impacts, detection, remediation, and prospects

Okeke¹,

Chukwudozie²,

Addey³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides in African water systems: A need for timely intervention

Cited by 55 publications

References 97 publications

Physicochemical Changes and Abundance of Freshwater Snails in Anambra River (Nigeria) During the Rainy Season

Physicochemical Changes and Abundance of Freshwater Snails in Anambra River (Nigeria) During the Rainy Season

Are Green Household Consumer Products Less Toxic than Conventional Products? An Assessment Involving Grass Shrimp (Palaemon pugio) and Daphnia magna

Micro and nanoplastics ravaging our agroecosystem: A review of occurrence, fate, ecological impacts, detection, remediation, and prospects

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