Occurrence and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp.) in Australian vineyard soils

Patterns of Occurrence and Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Algarve (Portugal) Using Different Isolation Methods

“…Although alternative selective media recipes that lack dodine (N–dodecylguanidinemonoacetate) have been suggested [ 22 ], this fungicide, in combination with other antibiotics, is commonly used to isolate EPF and minimize contamination [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Combinations of insect-baits and selective media procedures are recommended to capture a wider range of EPF species [ 26 ]. Once isolated, fungal classification is often based on morphologic/morphometrical examinations that can be inaccurate when resolving closely related species.…”

“…Finally, we predicted that those soil properties associated with the EPN soil food web assemblage [ 46 ] would also define the EPF community. We also expect different methods of EPF isolation to detect different patterns of recovery occurrence, activity and biodiversity [ 26 ]. Hence, this study aimed to explore ecological drivers of EPF species in the Algarve and to identify abiotic factors associated with their natural occurrence, based on the results provided by three isolation methods: untreated soil bait, pre-dried soil bait and soil dilution and culture in selective media.…”

Meta-Analysis and Evaluation by Insect-Mediated Baiting Reveal Different Patterns of Hypocrealean Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Soils From Two Regions of China

“…was detected at all locations except at the F sampling site (Figure 4). This may be a conceivable reason for the failure of our insect bait method, which was similar to the methods used by Steinwender et al (2014); Keyser et al (2015), and Korosi et al (2019), to detect other hypocrealean fungi such as Lecanicillium, Hirsutella, and Tolypocladium. Environmental factors can possibly underlay EFs habitat preference.…”

“…A single-spore isolation method was applied to purify all the obtained fungal isolates using a continuous dilution of the conidia suspension of each isolate (Choi et al, 1999). We considered each infected cadaver as one isolate (Korosi et al, 2019). Finally, a small piece of agar plug of each fungal monosporic isolate was placed into a sterile 2-ml Eppendorf tube containing 20% sterilized glycerol to keep them at −80 • C for further studies.…”

“…The most widely used approach for the isolation of EFs in soils is baiting with susceptible insects (Zimmermann, 1986). The wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Vänninen, 1996;Chandler et al, 1997;Bidochka et al, 1998;Klingen et al, 2002;Quesada-Moraga et al, 2007;Sun et al, 2008;Goble et al, 2010;Meyling et al, 2011;Hernández-Domínguez and Guzmán-Franco, 2017;Inglis et al, 2019), and mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (Meyling and Eilenberg, 2006;Steinwender et al, 2014;Keyser et al, 2015;Korosi et al, 2019), are the most used bait species for the general sampling of fungal entomopathogens. The outcomes of the above-mentioned surveys of naturally occurring taxa of insect-associated fungi in soil habitats are presented in Table 1.…”