Occurrence and Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) Crops from Organic Production

González, Mariana; Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz; Moreno, Julia E. Aizpún de; Moreno, Víctor J.

doi:10.1021/jf025892w

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In the case of leek plants at maturity (210 days) the highest levels were found in the leaves. These findings were in contrast to the data presented for tomatoes 15 where the highest endosulfan compound residue levels were found in the leaves at 15, 59 and 151 days. In the case of residue levels of endosulfan compounds in the leek and tomato studies significantly higher concentrations of endosulfan sulfate were always found.…”

Section: Uptake Of Endosulfan Compounds By Lettucecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results have been reported for leeks 14 and tomatoes 15 grown on organic farms (no direct application of pesticides) in Argentina over short, medium and long term growth periods. In this work 14,15 endosulfan compound residues were monitored in the roots and leaves of leeks and tomatoes. In the case of leek plants, 14 endosulfan compound residues were always the highest in the root for younger plants (15 and 59 days).…”

Section: Uptake Of Endosulfan Compounds By Lettucesupporting

confidence: 86%

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Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

et al. 2005

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This paper assesses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (POP's) into plants. In particular, uptake of a-endosulfan, b-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate from lettuce. The lettuce plants were grown on compost that had previously been contaminated at 10 and 50 mg g À1 per POP. The soil was slurry spiked by adding the appropriate amount of POP in acetone in an approximate ratio of 1 : 2, w/v soil : solvent. The solvent was left to evaporate at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Lettuce plants were grown under artificial daylight for 12 hours a day. The influence of soil ageing on the recovery of POP's from spiked soil samples was also assessed. The average recovery of endosulfan compounds from slurry spiked soil (10, 20 and 40 mg g À1 ) was consistent (92.9 AE 4.4% for n ¼ 9). However, ageing of endosulfan compounds on the slurry spiked soil resulted in lower recoveries (average losses were 12.5% after 14 days ageing of slurry spiked soil). The uptake of POP's was assessed by measuring the amount of endosulfan compounds in roots and leaves from lettuce plants after 10, 20 and 33 days. In addition, control plants grown in uncontaminated soil were monitored and analysed. It was found that endosulfan compounds were present in the roots of all lettuce plants irrespective of soil spike level or age of plant. In the 33 day lettuce plants where the soil was spiked at the highest level (50 mg g À1 ) endosulfan compounds were determined in the leaves. The root to leaf ratio was found to be 3.1 for a-endosulfan, 46.0 for b-endosulfan, and 24.3 for endosulfan sulfate. Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the bioavailability of endosulfan compounds. No detectable endosulfan compounds were determined in the gastric extracts while small quantities (range 0.06-0.12 mg g À1 ) were found in the intestinal extraction. All samples (soil and lettuce) were extracted using pressurised fluid extraction and analysed using gas chromatography with mass selective detection.

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Section: Uptake Of Endosulfan Compounds By Lettucecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Uptake Of Endosulfan Compounds By Lettucesupporting

confidence: 86%

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

et al. 2005

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“…However, it is difficult to compare the detection limits obtained from fruit skin/peel to the maximum residue levels allowed. It may not be as straightforward as taking into account the whole weight of the fruit because it has been shown that the concentration of different contaminants can vary between a fruit's flesh and skin [105]. Concerning rapid screening, if a pesticide is below the limit of detection on the skin of a given fruit it could still be possible that a concentration higher than the permitted one exists in the flesh of the fruit.…”

Section: Standardization: From Concept To Real Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

What can we learn from ambient ionization techniques?

Chen

Gamez

Zenobi

2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

224

178

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Ambient mass spectrometry-mass spectrometric analysis with no or minimal effort for sample preparation-has experienced a very rapid development during the last 5 years, with many different methods now available for ionization. Here, we review its range of applications, the hurdles encountered for its quantitative use, and the proposed mechanisms for ion formation. Clearly, more effort needs to be put into investigation of matrix effects, into defining representative sampling of heterogeneous materials, and into understanding and controlling the underlying ionization mechanisms. Finally, we propose a concept to reduce the number of different acronyms describing very similar embodiments of ambient mass spectrometry. (J Am Soc Mass

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“…Esto podría estar relacionado con el uso de plaguicidas restringidos en el Departamento del Quindío. Resultados con plaguicidas, endosulfán, heptacloro, endrín, DDT, prohibidos en Colombia se han hallado en otras matrices (9,10,18,50).…”

Section: Muestreounclassified

“…La presencia de los dos isómeros endosulfán (I y II) en relación 3:7, técnicamente, se da cuando la aplicación ha sido reciente. Sin embargo, existen estudios que evidencian presencia de endosulfán sin la aparente aplicación directa, atribuible al efecto de dispersión del viento, percolación o volatilización (50). No obstante, su hallazgo podría ser un indicativo de contaminación por inadecuadas prácticas agrícolas, que a su vez se podrían convertir en un factor de alarma para la sociedad por su efecto de alteración de neuroproteínas importantes para el desarrollo cerebral a corto y largo plazo (51).…”

Section: Muestreounclassified

RESIDUOS DE PLAGUICIDAS EN TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum) COMERCIALIZADO EN ARMENIA, COLOMBIA

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et al. 2017

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Background: Tomato variety "chonto" (Solanum lycopersicum) is a common ingredient in Colombian cuisine. This fruit is commonly attacked for pests that generates losses higher than 30 %. The profuse crop dusting produces a risk for the consumers, for that reason The Colombian Agriculture Institute (ICA) limit the use of agrochemicals. However, the marketed tomato contains traces of endosulfán and 4,4'-DDT that are regulated and prohibited in many countries, including Colombia. Tomato quality is stablished according to the Codex Alimentarius recommendations for pesticides, which studies require sensible, selective and probed methods of analysis. Objectives: To report about the estimated average daily intake (EADI) for pesticides residues in the region. In the present work the QuEChERS methodology was modified and validated, based on the EN15662 procedure for the analysis of the organochlorines and organophosphorus pesticides residues in tomato. Methods: The procedure EN15662 was implemented and validated by means of analytical figures of merit from the calibration curve, accuracy analysis and the Youden-Steiner robustness test, for the simultaneous analysis of organochlorines and organophosphorus pesticides using gas chromatography with micro electron capture detector (GC-µECD) in commercialized tomato samples from an organic store Fruver (marketing of vegetables, fresh fruit and vegetables) and 14 grocery stores, for a total of 16 sample points in Armenia. The EADI was estimated for pesticides residues found. Results: A total of 26 residues of pesticides, 20 organochlorines and 6 organophosphorus were analyzed. In mean level of concentration of the calibration curves, recovery was in the range from 82% ± 5 to 136% ± 15 to 17 organochlorines, and in the range from 64% ± 9 to 96% ± 15 to 5 organophosphorus. Other pesticide residues were outside this range of recovery. Detection limits between 0,5 and 257 µg/L and quantification limits between 1,4 and 779 µg/L for aldrin and diazinon, respectively. Conclusions: The methodology used in our studies proves its robustness for the analysis of pesticides. 4,4'-DDT, endosulfán y metoxicloro were found in the majority of samples analyzed, although they are prohibited in Colombia.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Crops from Organic Production

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

What can we learn from ambient ionization techniques?

RESIDUOS DE PLAGUICIDAS EN TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum) COMERCIALIZADO EN ARMENIA, COLOMBIA

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