Occurrence and distribution of organic and inorganic pollutants in groundwater

Abstract

Depletion of groundwater resources and continued decline in overall groundwater quality is a cause of concern because large human population around the world uses groundwater as a source of drinking water. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies published in the year 2018 that documented issues of groundwater pollution, sources, and distribution reported from across the world due to anthropogenic, hydroclimatogical, and natural processes. Groundwater pollution due to organic contaminants focuses particularly on pesticides, herbicides, and contaminants of emerging concern. Pollution due to inorganic pollutants such as arsenic and other heavy metals is also reviewed with particular emphasis on regions that have reported a significantly higher incidence of these pollutants in groundwater. A compilation of various studies is also included in the review paper that showed increased incidences of waterborne illnesses due to fecal and microbial contamination due to poor sanitary practices. Reviews of groundwater contaminants such as fluoride and nitrate are included to provide readers a holistic understanding of groundwater pollution problem around the world.Practitioner points Groundwater pollution issues during 2018 are reviewed and documented. Occurrence of organic and inorganic pollutants in groundwater is reported. Groundwater pollution vulnerability remains a critical issue.

Inhibitory effect of metals on animal and plant glutathione transferases

“…As consequence, metal-induced inhibition of GSTs interferes with intracellular detoxification of organic xenobiotics or endobiotic metabolites which may lead to unpredictable toxicological consequences for organisms. This fact is of particular importance as under ecological conditions organic contaminants are often found together with metal contaminants [7,8].…”

Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food

“…Bromide may interfere with thyroid homeostasis, particularly competing with I uptake and I clearance [119,120] however, human toxicity data demonstrated that polybrominated compounds may interfere with gonadal function and sexual steroids' metabolism [118]. Fluoride and fluorinated compounds has been found in different rock-forming minerals, fertilizers, pesticides, and propellants, and has also been found in drinking water generally at acceptable levels according to regulatory agencies (<1.5 mg/L or <4 mg/L) [121] and groundwater [122]. Considering that a low dose of fluoride increases overall oral health, several countries add it to their public water supply at 0.7 to 1.5 mg/L [118].…”

Princípios e aplicações de processos térmicos para remediação de áreas contaminadas

“…O tipo de mecanismo e o desempenho das técnicas de remediação térmica dependem diretamente das características dos contaminantes, que podem ser orgânicos ou inorgânicos. Dentre os contaminantes orgânicos estão os combustíveis, solventes, tintas, colas e adesivos, produtos farmacêuticos, compostos perfluorados (presentes em retardantes de chama), pesticidas e herbicidas (WANG et al 2013, KURWADKAR 2019. Os contaminantes orgânicos podem ser classificados em compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV ou VOC, do inglês Volatile Organic Compounds) e semivoláteis (SVOC -Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds).…”