Occurrence and Anastomosis Grouping of Rhizoctonia spp. Inducing Black Scurf and Greyish-White Felt-Like Mycelium on Carrot in Sweden

Marcou, Shirley; Wikström, M.; Ragnarsson, Sara; Persson, Lars Erik; Höfte, Monica

doi:10.3390/jof7050396

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Morphological differences among AG5 isolates isolated from carrots in Sweden were also observed by Marcou et al (2021). Singh et al (2018) observed the characteristics of R. solani isolated from seven agroecological zones that were adapted to maize cultivation in 2018.…”

Section: P O S T P R I N Tmentioning

confidence: 84%

<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG5 and its offspring – Morphology and sensitivity to fungicides

et al. 2023

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The objective of these studies was to identify differences and similarities within the progeny of Rhizoctonia solani AG5, which arose from basidiospores produced by the maternal strain ID23. The following characteristics were analyzed: appearance of the mycelium (color, structure, zonation, and presence of sclerotia), growth rate (at 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C), fungicide sensitivity, and hyphal structure.The mycelial color of R. solani AG5 ranged from white/cream to light and dark brown. The structure of the mycelium may be compacted or flattened with visible zoning or fluffy with dark brown sclerotia on the colony surface. Homokaryons and heterokaryons derived from homokaryons were analyzed by constructing a phylogenetic tree using morphological data. Single basidiospore-grown isolates formed a separate subclade, the majority of which were grouped with a maternal isolate; however, heterokaryons derived from them created a separate subclade. In addition, isolates grown in basidiospores germinated at low temperatures created their own group, but with some exceptions. This shows a divergence in the morphological parameters of the subsequent generations and within generations. The optimal temperature for growth was found to be between 20°C and 30°C. The exceptions were strains obtained from basidiospores that germinated at refrigerated temperatures. For these samples, 10°C was found to be the optimal growth temperature. The hyphae of homokaryons were characterized by the presence of branching at an almost right angle and the presence of a septum at the site of constriction of the branch itself. The mean diameter of hyphae ranged 2.93–15.60 μm, depending on the age of hyphae. The fungicidal compounds at a concentration of 10 ppm had no significant effect on the activity of the tested strains, whereas a tenfold increase in the dose reduced the growth ability of the tested isolates. The activity of fungicides containing azoxystrobin, thiuram, or thiophanate-methyl on R. solani resulted in a reduction in the mycelial growth rate only in the case of azoxystrobin and thiuram, and in some cases, it was completely inhibited (thiophanate-methyl).

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Section: P O S T P R I N Tmentioning

confidence: 84%

<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG5 and its offspring – Morphology and sensitivity to fungicides

et al. 2023

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“…Symptoms and sclerotia formation on carrot and potato plants by AG-3 group was reported for the first time from Sweden. It was reported that this situation might have resulted from the intensely practiced potato-carrot rotation and there might have been a transition of the pathogen from potato to carrot (Marcou et al, 2021).…”

Section: Rhizoctonia Solani As a Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizoctonia solani and Its Biological Control

Aydın

2022

Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi

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Rhizoctonia solani is a soil- and seed-borne fungus belonging to class basidiomycete and capable of living free and as a saprophyte in the soil. It is divided into 14 anastomosis groups (AGs), which are incompatible with each other in terms of reproduction and proliferation. It has the potential to cause disease in various annual and perennial fruits, vegetables, and industrial and cereal crops. Plant diseases are mostly controlled by cultural methods; however, sometimes chemical control is also employed for this purpose. However, these control methods are mostly insufficient due to the soil-borne and saprophytic nature of the fungus. Therefore, researchers are working on other alternative methods. Biological control is one of the important ones among these methods. Antagonists used in biological control directly interact with R. solani through hyper-parasitism, antibiosis, or competition. Furthermore, antagonists trigger the defense reaction of host plants, which improves the control over the pathogens. The most important fungi species among these antagonists are; Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., Verticillium biguttatum, and Stachybotrys elegans. The most important bacteria species used for the management of R. solani are; Fluoresent pseudomonas, Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Erwinia spp. This review is focused on the biology, anastomosis groups, and biological control of R. solani. The antagonists used in biological control and studied mechanisms have been explained with examples. The review has been concluded with the latest developments in the literature.

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“…1,2 R. solani belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, 3 and is divided into 14 anastomosis groups (AGs), namely AG-1 to AG-13 and AG-BI according to the hyphal fusion of isolates with different genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. [4][5][6] R. solani AG-3 was reported to infect crops such as soybean, 7 potato, 8,9 tobacco, 10 carrot, 11 tomato and onion. 12,13 The pathogen generally causes necrotic lesions on leaves, sheaths and stems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA interference‐based exogenous double‐stranded RNAs confer resistance to Rhizoctonia solaniAG‐3 on Nicotiana tabacum

Wang,

Guo,

Guo

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDRhizoctonia solani Kühn is a pathogenic fungus causing tobacco target spot disease, and leads to great losses worldwide. At present, resistant varieties and effective control strategy on tobacco target spot disease are very limited. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) as well as the exogenous dsRNA can be used to suppress disease progression, and reveal the function of crucial genes involved in the growth and pathogenesis of the fungus.RESULTSThe silencing of endoPGs or RPMK1 in host plants by TRV‐based HIGS resulted in a significant reduction in disease development in Nicotiana benthamiana. In vitro analysis validated that red fluorescence signals were consistently observed in the hyphae treated with Cy3‐fluorescein‐labeled dsRNA at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postinoculation (hpi). Additionally, application of dsRNA‐endoPGs, dsRNA‐RPMK1 and dsRNA‐PGMK (fusion of partial endoPGs and RPMK1 sequences) effectively inhibited the hyphal growth of R. solani YC‐9 in vitro and suppressed disease progression in the leaves, and quantitative real‐time PCR confirmed that the application of dsRNAs significantly reduced the expression levels of endoPGs and RPMK1.CONCLUSIONThese results provide theoretical basis and new direction for RNAi approaches on the prevention and control of disease caused by R. solani. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Occurrence and Anastomosis Grouping of Rhizoctonia spp. Inducing Black Scurf and Greyish-White Felt-Like Mycelium on Carrot in Sweden

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG5 and its offspring – Morphology and sensitivity to fungicides

<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG5 and its offspring – Morphology and sensitivity to fungicides

Rhizoctonia solani and Its Biological Control

RNA interference‐based exogenous double‐stranded RNAs confer resistance to Rhizoctonia solaniAG‐3 on Nicotiana tabacum

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