Occurrence, absorption and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals

Bugaut, Maurice

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(87)90433-0

Cited by 269 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 450 publications

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“…Previous reports have documented plasma concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mM (11,12,25). Thus, the propionate dose responses that we observed in vivo (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…3 D and E) showed that the human (OR51E2) and mouse orthologs behave similarly (Olfr78: EC 50 = 2.35 mM for acetate and 0.92 mM for propionate; OR51E2: EC 50 = 2.93 mM for acetate and 2.16 mM for propionate). It is worth noting that previous reports have documented that plasma concentrations of these compounds range between 0.1 and 10 mM (11,12,25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation

Pluznick

Protzko

Gevorgyan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

951

966

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Olfactory receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate olfactory chemosensation and serve as chemosensors in other tissues. We find that Olfr78, an olfactory receptor expressed in the kidney, responds to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Olfr78 is expressed in the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus, where it mediates renin secretion in response to SCFAs. In addition, both Olfr78 and G protein-coupled receptor 41 (Gpr41), another SCFA receptor, are expressed in smooth muscle cells of small resistance vessels. Propionate, a SCFA shown to induce vasodilation ex vivo, produces an acute hypotensive response in wild-type mice. This effect is differentially modulated by disruption of Olfr78 and Gpr41 expression. SCFAs are end products of fermentation by the gut microbiota and are absorbed into the circulation. Antibiotic treatment reduces the biomass of the gut microbiota and elevates blood pressure in Olfr78 knockout mice. We conclude that SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota modulate blood pressure via Olfr78 and Gpr41.

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“…Previous reports have documented plasma concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mM (11,12,25). Thus, the propionate dose responses that we observed in vivo (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation

Pluznick

Protzko

Gevorgyan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

951

966

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“…Although NHE3 function is diminished, NHE2 that can mediate butyrate-dependent Na ϩ absorption is activated in inflamed colon. Butyrate, the primary nutrient of colonocytes, is produced during microbial fermentation of non-absorbed carbohydrate in colon (44). Although regulating Na-Cl absorption, butyrate also inhibits cAMP-activated Cl Ϫ secretion (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na-H Exchanger Isoform-2 (NHE2) Mediates Butyrate-dependent Na+ Absorption in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced Colitis

Rajendran

Kumar

Tse

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…In addition, zinc ions in physiological concentrations decrease the membrane potential in oxyntic cells, thereby reducing the transport of K ϩ , Cl Ϫ , and NO 2 (4,(48)(49)(50)(51). The Na ϩ ͞H ϩ exchanger plays a central role in vectorial Na ϩ transport and pH homeostasis in the colon (52)(53)(54). Activation by Ca i 2ϩ has been demonstrated for the Na ϩ ͞H ϩ exchanger in several cell lines (55)(56)(57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A zinc-sensing receptor triggers the release of intracellular Ca ²⁺ and regulates ion transport

Hershfinkel

Moran

Grossman

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

231

189

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Changes in extracellular zinc concentration participate in modulating fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, secretion, and ion transport in a mechanism that is not well understood. Here, we show that a micromolar concentration of extracellular zinc triggers a massive release of calcium from thapsigarginsensitive intracellular pools in the colonocytic cell line HT29. Calcium release was blocked by a phospholipase-C inhibitor, indicating that formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate is required for zinc-dependent calcium release. Zinc influx was not observed, indicating that extracellular zinc triggered the release. The Ca i 2؉ release was zinc specific and could not be triggered by other heavy metals. Furthermore, zinc failed to activate the Ca 2؉ -sensing receptor heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. The zinc-induced Ca i 2؉ rise stimulated the activity of the Na ؉ ͞H ؉ exchanger in HT29 cells. Our results indicate that a previously uncharacterized extracellular, G protein-coupled, Zn 2؉ -sensing receptor is functional in colonocytes. Because Ca i 2؉ rise is known to regulate key cellular and signal-transduction processes, the zinc-sensing receptor may provide the missing link between extracellular zinc concentration changes and the regulation of cellular processes.Z inc is an essential micronutrient involved in structural and regulatory cellular functions. Zinc interacts with zinc-finger domains and acts as a cofactor of numerous enzymes (1, 2). Zinc ions also specifically bind to many membrane receptors, transporters, and channels, thereby modulating their activity (3). Therefore, it is not surprising that zinc deficiency affects multiple organs, including the digestive (4), immune (5), and neuronal (2) systems. A severe lack of zinc also is linked to the attenuation of growth and sexual development (2). Conversely, an excess of extracellular zinc is considered toxic. Indeed, brain ischemia is accompanied by a massive release of synaptic zinc permeating into neurons, leading to neuronal cell death (6-8). Furthermore, striking changes in plasma-zinc concentration occur during diverse pathophysiological syndromes including myocardial infarction, hepatic renal failure, and neoplastic processes (9). Despite the large fluctuations in extracellular zinc concentrations and their subsequent clinical importance, little is known about cellular signaling mechanisms that sense changes in extracellular-zinc concentration.The calcium-sensing receptor serves as an example for the importance of an ion-sensing mechanism. It is a G proteincoupled receptor that senses changes in extracellular calcium and regulates diverse cellular functions (10, 11). Although the existence of other ion-sensing mechanisms have been suggested (12), none have been characterized fully yet.Gastrointestinal pathology, manifested in severe diarrhea, is an important hallmark of zinc deficiency. Indeed, zinc has a major role in the duration and severity of diarrheal diseases (4). The morbidity and mortality caused by diarrheal diseas...

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Occurrence, absorption and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals

Cited by 269 publications

References 450 publications

Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation

Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation

Na-H Exchanger Isoform-2 (NHE2) Mediates Butyrate-dependent Na+ Absorption in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced Colitis

A zinc-sensing receptor triggers the release of intracellular Ca ²⁺ and regulates ion transport

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Occurrence, absorption and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals

Cited by 269 publications

References 450 publications

Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation

Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation

Na-H Exchanger Isoform-2 (NHE2) Mediates Butyrate-dependent Na+ Absorption in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced Colitis

A zinc-sensing receptor triggers the release of intracellular Ca 2+ and regulates ion transport

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A zinc-sensing receptor triggers the release of intracellular Ca ²⁺ and regulates ion transport