Occupations and Professionalism in Art and Culture

Abstract

Abstract:The article introduces the topic of this special issue on artists and professionalism from the perspective of the sociology of the arts and culture, in order to demonstrate how the contributions significantly develop studies of professions in general. Some theoretical concepts are defined and discussed: culture, arts, occupations, professions, status, field, symbolic and social capital, emotional labour, and reversed economy. An illustration is used to demonstrate pricing in arts and what may explain it. There is a focus on the field of art with a brief comparison to the academic field. In this issue we find studies on artists, authors, and theatre actors, which provide significant contributions to these themes in theories and studies of professions.

Organisational routines – the interplay of legal standards and professional discretion

“…First and foremost, legal regulation of professionals in education has been achieved by means of normative values and self-regulated motivation. Svensson (2010) described this as control in advance through, e.g. (passive) rules and regulations combined with professional expertise and professional socialisation.…”

Acupuncture as an Alternative Therapy in the Management of Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)

“…In BMS, tongue is the site presenting most symptoms, bilaterally and symmetrically in most cases, more commonly found in the anterior two thirds (71% to 78%); symptoms may also affect the dorsum and lateral borders, hard palate, alveolar ridge and lips, and may affect more than one site of the same patient [19] , consistent with data of our study, where tongue was frequently affected in the sample; however, the clinical findings of tongues presented surprising characteristics, since the reported burning symptoms would lead to a hypothesis of heat and dryness in the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), contradicting the recurrent aspects of white coating and moisture in most individuals of the sample. Also, absence of clinical signs was observed in both perspectives of Western medicine and TCM, which makes the reporting of symptoms by the patient essential for the differential diagnosis of BMS.…”

Desenvolvimento, Profissionalismo e Economia da Cultura: desafios para a profissionalização dos gestos culturais no Estado de Goiás

“…Como afirma Svensson (2015), a heterogeneidade é uma marca das ocupações em arte e cultura. Grande parte das ocupações nesta área estão fortemente dependentes das demandas de mercado, sendo objeto de agressiva intervenção de mercado, o que retira a autonomia, independência econômica e possibilidade de profissionalização deste grupo, comprometendo sua liberdade como artistas individuais e, certamente, impactando sobre sua valorização profissional.…”