Occupational engagement as a constraint on restoration during leisure time in forest settings

The role played by age on children's pro-ecological behaviors: An exploratory analysis

“…It may be that familiarity with the natural environment mediates the possibility of obtaining psychological restoration (Von Lindern et al, 2013) With regard to a work-relationship to nature, other kinds of activities and natural environments should be considered, such as working in a littoral area (e.g., fisherman), a forest or an animal farm. The more we define and determine the factors, conditions and processes that lead to pro-environmentalism, the closer we will be to a more sustainable society.…”

“…However, the relationship between spending time in nature and obtaining positive benefits such as restorative effects (Kaplan, 1995), improved environmental attitudes and/or behaviors (Hartig, Kaiser, & Strumse, 2007) does not seem to be a simple one. For instance, Von Linder, Bauer, Frick, Hunziker, and Hartig (2013) found that, for adults, working in nature hinders the restorative effects of spending free time in natural areas.…”

The Restorative Environment: A Complementary Concept for Salutogenesis Studies

“…In attending to environmental conditions that promote versus only permit restoration, research on restorative environments has enabled a theoretical distinction between environmental conditions that deplete resources and those that disallow or slow restoration (Hartig, Catalano, & Ong, 2007;Hartig, Kylin, & Johansson, 2007;von Lindern, 2015;von Lindern, Bauer, Frick, Hunziker, & Hartig, 2013). The distinction becomes particularly meaningful when considering the causes of chronic stress.…”

“…As illustrated in the study of cold summer weather and dispensation of antidepressants (Hartig, Catalano, et al, 2007), mentioned earlier, restorative processes may be constrained not only by directly stressful events, but also indirectly, by other, more subtle aspects of the environment that are not of themselves particularly demanding. In a further application of the constrained restoration concept, von Lindern et al (2013) found that restoration reported to have occurred with forest visits during leisure time was constrained for people who had a profession related to forests. Moreover, their results suggest that this constraint of restoration occurred not because of excess familiarity with forests or a lack of interest in them, but rather because forest professionals found it harder to achieve a sense of psychological distance from their work-related demands.…”

“…In this regard, future research can attend to the interdependencies between behavior settings that may serve to constrain restorative processes and so undermine a sense of coherence (cf. von Lindern, 2015;von Lindern et al, 2013).…”