Occupational endotoxin‐exposure and possible health effects on humans (review)

Liebers, Verena; Brüning, Thomas; Raulf‐Heimsoth, Monika

doi:10.1002/ajim.20310

Cited by 131 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…At both sites, peak onsite concentrations are seen at the site boundary and are similar to those previously found (Liebers et al [16]). As with culturable microorganisms, this peak is followed by a 90% decline in concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Microbial and endotoxin emission from composting facilities: characterisation of release and dispersal patterns

Pankhurst

Deacon

Liu

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The potential risk to human health posed by exposure to bioaerosols released from composting is an important issue. Further growth in the number of composting facilities in the UK is anticipated as biodegradable waste is diverted from landfill. To date, studies of bioaerosol emission from composting have focussed on culturable bioaerosols. This paper describes both culturable bioaerosol and endotoxin release and dispersal from two large green waste composting facilities in the UK. Aspergillus fumigatus, actinomycetes, Gramnegative bacteria, and endotoxins were simultaneously and repeatedly sampled to describe the release and dispersal from these sites. Meteorological and site operational observations were recorded, allowing analysis of factors influencing bioaerosol release and dispersal. The highest measured concentrations of bioaerosols were associated with composting activities such as shredding and turning. Between release and 50-80m downwind bioaerosol concentrations reduced by 80-90%. An unexpected second peak was detected 100-150m downwind from source at both sites. Endotoxin dispersal patterns were site specific and showed some differences to dispersal patterns of culturable microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Microbial and endotoxin emission from composting facilities: characterisation of release and dispersal patterns

Pankhurst

Deacon

Liu

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…Consequences are nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as cough, expectoration and dyspnoea, the severity of which depends on the dose and individual susceptibility. At higher endotoxin levels, flu-like symptoms of toxic pneumonitis can be observed (Liebers et al, 2006;Rylander, 2006). A long-term exposure to endotoxins promotes irreversible changes in the lung function that can significantly reduce work ability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several epidemiological studies have shown that the content of endotoxins in dust is related to longterm pulmonary adverse effects in exposed workers (Rylander, 2006). Asthmatic subjects and persons with other chronic respiratory diseases are more susceptible to toxic effects of endotoxins (Liebers et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microclimate on the airborne dust and endotoxin concentration in a broiler house

Vučemilo¹,

Matković²,

Vinković³

et al. 2008

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Poultry houses are generally considered to be a major source emitting various particles to the environment, which greatly depends on the technology of animal keeping and housing. Besides other contaminants, dust and endotoxins are present in high concentrations in the air of poultry houses.Dust concentrations in broiler facilities range from 2 to 10 mg/m 3 (Wathes et al., 1997). Investigating the mean daily airborne dust concentrations in various animal houses in England and Netherlands, Takai et al. (1998) found them to be significantly higher in poultry fattening houses than in other animal houses. They also found the airborne dust concentration in these facilities to be influenced by animal population density, animal activity, litter type, and air humidity. Hauser and Folsch (1993) Supported by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia (Grant No. 053-0531854-1867 ABSTRACT: Poultry farming is considered to be a notable source of bioaerosols. They can be a risk factor from the aspect of some diseases and for the environment. A study was conducted to assess the effect of microclimate on the level of airborne dust and endotoxins in an intensive broiler fattening facility. The content of airborne dust, endotoxins, air temperature, relative humidity, airflow velocity, ammonia and carbon dioxide were determined. The study was conducted in a poultry house accommodating 22 000 broilers of Ross-308 breed. The measured temperature in the broiler house ranged from 22.02°C to 31.05°C, relative humidity from 49.55% to 65.45%, and airflow velocity from 0.07 m/s to 0.09 m/s. The air concentration of dust ranged from 2.0 mg/m 3 at the end of fattening period to 4.9 mg/m 3 in the mid-fattening period, and endotoxins from 6.21 EU/m 3 in the second study week to 99.40 EU/m 3 at the end of fattening period. The air concentration of ammonia ranged from 5.17 ppm at the beginning to 25.49 ppm at the end of fattening period. Air concentrations of dust and endotoxins recorded in this poultry house varied during the fattening period and depended on relative humidity and temperature as demonstrated by multiple regression at the level of P ≤ 0.05.

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“…They may induce adverse health effects (Breitenbach and Lehrer, 2002;Douwes et al, 2003;Fischer and Dott, 2003;Herr et al, 2003;Liebers et al, 2006). PBAPs may interact with clouds, possibly acting as IN or CCN (Gonçalves et al, 2012;Joly et al, 2013;Pöschl et al, 2010;Prenni et al, 2013), thus affecting clouds and precipitation (in certain specific clean locations such as the Amazon Basin) usually under fairly clean conditions, and as such they can affect the climate and the hydrological cycle on regional and perhaps global scales (Andreae and Rosenfeld, 2008;Conen et al, 2011;Despres et al, 2012;Pöschl et al, 2010;Prenni et al, 2009).…”

Section: Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (Pbaps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and the policy needs, which have driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last 2 decades.The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate-aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality, we still do not know the relative importance of the different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 • C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 8218S. Fuzzi et al.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies.

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Occupational endotoxin‐exposure and possible health effects on humans (review)

Abstract: The adverse health effects of endotoxins are known, standardization of measurements is a necessary goal and protection measures should be established immediately.

Cited by 131 publications

References 83 publications

Microbial and endotoxin emission from composting facilities: characterisation of release and dispersal patterns

Microbial and endotoxin emission from composting facilities: characterisation of release and dispersal patterns

Effect of microclimate on the airborne dust and endotoxin concentration in a broiler house

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

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