Occupational class and risk of renal cell cancer

Abstract

ObjectivesWe sought to examine the association between occupational class linked to job stress and the risk of renal cell cancer. To identify potential mediators, we additionally examined whether any observed associations persisted even after controlling for the contribution of stress‐related factors (eg, smoking, hypertension, and obesity).MethodsUsing nationwide inpatient records (1984 to 2016) from the Rosai Hospital group in Japan, we identified 3316 cases of renal cell cancer (excluding upper tract urothelial cancer) and 168 418 controls. We classified patients' occupational class (blue‐collar workers, service workers, professionals, and managers) and cross‐classified it by industry type (blue‐collar, service, and white‐collar) based on a standardized national classification. Unconditional logistic regression with multiple imputation was used for the analyses.ResultsA significantly elevated risk of renal cell cancer was found among men in higher occupational class (eg, professionals and managers). The elevated odds in male managers across all industries persisted even after controlling for smoking and alcohol consumption, with the association being more pronounced in blue‐collar industries (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.34‐1.93). The association appeared to be mainly mediated by hypertension.ConclusionOccupational class is associated with the risk of renal cell cancer in men, particularly through modifiable risk factors.

Light to moderate amount of lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of cancer in Japan

“…A nationwide, multicentered, hospital‐based, matched case‐control study was conducted with the Inpatient Clinico‐Occupational Database of Rosai Hospital Group (ICOD‐R), which is administered by the Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety. Details of the ICOD‐R have been described elsewhere . Briefly, the Rosai Hospital Group consists of 33 general hospitals throughout Japan.…”

“…The ICOD‐R includes medical chart information confirmed by physicians (eg, basic sociodemographic characteristics, pathological information, clinical history, and diagnosis of current and past diseases), the occupational history (current job and 3 most recent jobs with their duration), and the smoking and alcohol habits (status, daily amount, and duration) of every inpatient. Since 2005, it has also collected self‐reported lifestyle‐related comorbidities diagnosed at annual health check‐ups (eg, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) . The clinical diagnosis is coded according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD‐9 ), or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision ( ICD‐10 ), and the profiles of the patients are nationally representative.…”

“…Each cancer case had a diagnosis with a specific cancer site (Table ). We defined cancer incidence as the first‐time admission among patients who did not have a previous history of cancer, and the validation for the diagnosis has been described elsewhere …”

“…All study subjects reported their average daily amount of standardized alcohol units and duration of drinking on admission to the hospital (or during their hospital stay due to their acute symptoms). One standardized drink containing 23 g of ethanol was equivalent to one 180‐mL cup (6 ounces) of Japanese sake, one 500‐mL bottle (17 ounces) of beer, one 180‐mL glass (6 ounces) of wine, or one 60‐mL cup (2 ounces) of whiskey . The duration of drinking accounted for the years from the age of starting drinking up to the age of quitting drinking or the age on admission if they had not quit drinking.…”

Sex‐specific analysis of renal cell carcinoma histology and survival in Japan: A population‐based study 2004 to 2016

“…The incidence rate for RCC in Asian countries, including Japan, is roughly one‐third compared with that in Western countries, and the lower RCC incidence in Japan may be attributable to the lower prevalence of obesity (a prominent risk for RCC) in that country compared with the Western settings. However, the incidence has been rising in recent years in Japan . Advanced imaging modalities, together with changes in lifestyle and behavioral risks (such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and occupational stress), may underlie the increase in incidence …”