Occupational bladder cancer: A cross section survey of previous employments, tasks and exposures matched to cancer phenotypes

Abstract

Objectives Up to 10% of Bladder Cancers may arise following occupational exposure to carcinogens. We hypothesised that different cancer phenotypes reflected different patterns of occupational exposure. Methods Consecutive participants, with bladder cancer, self-completed a structured questionnaire detailing employment, tasks, exposures, smoking, lifestyle and family history. Our primary outcome was association between cancer phenotype and occupational details. Results We collected questionnaires from 536 patients, of whom 454 (85%) participants (352 men and 102 women) were included. Women were less likely to be smokers (68% vs. 81% Chi sq. p<0.001), but more likely than men to inhale environmental tobacco smoke at home (82% vs. 74% p = 0.08) and use hair dye (56% vs. 3%, p<0.001). Contact with potential carcinogens occurred in 282 (62%) participants (mean 3.1 per worker (range 0-14)). High-grade cancer was more common than low-grade disease in workers from the steel, foundry, metal, engineering and transport industries (p<0.05), and in workers exposed to crack detection dyes, chromium, coal/oil/gas by-products, diesel fumes/fuel/aircraft fuel and solvents (such as trichloroethylene). Higher staged cancers were frequent in workers exposed to Chromium, coal products and diesel exhaust fumes/fuel (p<0.05). Various workers (e.g. exposed to diesel fuels or fumes (Cox, HR 1.97 (95% CI 1.31-2.98) p = 0.001), employed in a garage (HR 2.19 (95% CI 1.31-3.63) p = 0.001), undertaking plumbing/gas fitting/ventilation (HR 2.15 (95% CI 1.15-4.01) p = 0.017), undertaking welding (HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.24-2.77) p = 0.003) and exposed to welding materials (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.27-2.91) p = 0.002)) were more likely to

Quality of Life After Bladder Cancer: A Cross-sectional Survey of Patient-reported Outcomes

“…Further work is mandated to explore the HRQOL of other ethnic groups. Response rates were marginally lower than for similar UK cancer surveys (63% for colorectal and 61% for prostate cancer) [27] , [28] , but similar to that reported by the Department of Health, England, for BC patients (53%) [17] and so may reflect this population (ie, typically more deprived, more manual workers, [39] , [40] , [41] , and lower literacy rates than other cancers [44] , [45] , [46] ). Nonrespondents were more likely to be older and live in more socioeconomically deprived areas, groups that may be expected to experience poorer HRQOL.…”

“…Patterns of employment disruption differ between treatments; RC typically requires hospital stay and 3-mo recovery [37] , whilst TURBT pathways include multiple outpatient visits (eg, 15 cystoscopies/treatments in year 1 for maintenance BCG [38] ). Many BC patients are employed in manual work [39] , [40] , [41] , and so are unable to work whilst recovering from procedures or when suffering from complications. Our survey was conducted in the UK (free public health care) and may grossly under-represent this issue in private health care systems.…”

Risk of bladder cancer and lymphoma in dogs is associated with pollution indices by county of residence

“…When NATA data were reviewed, six chemicals were identified to have possible associations with UCC in the literature; one chemical, tetrachloroethylene, 37 was censored due to low overall exposure risk estimates, leaving five airborne chemicals for individual risk assessment for UCC: acrylonitrile, 38 arsenic, 39 benzene, 40 chromium VI 41 and cadmium 42 . Chemical exposure cancer risk estimates were available for these five chemicals in all but one county of residence in the UCC case–control population.…”

Androgen receptor modulation and bladder cancer prevention – a short review

“…asbestos Italy [32] Lumber, wood products, printing and allied industries, petroleum and coal products, fabricated metal products, electrical machinery, equipment and supplies, information and communication electronics diverse carcinogens Japan [36] Professional and managerial, clerical, sales and service, agriculture, forestry, and fishery, transportation (including machine operation workers), construction and mining, manufacturing, (e.g., homemakers, students, unemployed, miscellaneous) diverse carcinogens Japan [37] Factory manufacturing organic dye/pigment intermediates aromatic amines: ortho-toluidine, aniline, para-toluidine, ortho-anisidine, 2,4-xylidine, ortho-chloroaniline Japan [34] Road transportation workers, motor vehicle engine exhaust, traffic exhaust, housework detergents, cleaners, bleaches, oil fumes during frying, traffic air pollution Korea [102] Maritime workers -seafarers and fishermen diesel exhaust, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ultraviolet radia tion Nordic countries [38] Textile industry cotton dust, caustic soda, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, surfactants, formaldehyde, azo dyes, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds Turkey [44] Welding, making cement lubricating/coolant oils, soldering/brazing, degreasing, fumes from quenching/forging or cooling United Kingdom [103] Firefighters polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, formaldehyde, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, asbestos, diesel exhaust, circadian disruption from shift work USA [39] Aluminum smelting workers airborne metal dusts, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, silica, chemical vapors USA [40] Boat builders cumulative styrene USA [104] Benzidine manufacturing plant benzidine, dichlorobenzidine USA [35] Chemical manufacturing plant aromatic amine: ortho-toluidine USA [42] Automobile manufacturing workers metalworking fluids USA [105] Heavy truck drivers, tractor-trailer drivers, bus drivers, engine mechanics, repairers, equipment operators respirable elemental carbon USA and Spain [31] exposure to carcinogenic effective azo dyes and heavy metal-containing substances [45]. It is not only work in an industry that carries the risk of cancer.…”