Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria caused by oxidative hair dyes in hairdressers

Prick testing with chemicals in the diagnosis of occupational contact urticaria and respiratory diseases

“…Fifteen of these were hairdressers (Table 5). One positive prick test reaction to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) occurred in a hairdresser with contact urticaria and anaphylactic symptoms (11), but there were no positive reactions to ammonium thioglycolate or pyrocatechol.…”

A study of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding hair dye use among general population

“…The popularity of hair coloring can be gauged from the fact that the median age for debut was 16 years and nearly 75% of women and 18% of men had dyed their hair at some point in their lives according to a Danish population-based study [1]. This rising trend of hair coloring has resulted in an increased prevalence of hair dye-associated adverse effects, which vary from mild contact dermatitis localized to one body site (hand dermatitis) or disseminated generalized dermatitis to severe life threatening complications such as contact urticaria/angioedema, rhinitis/bronchospasm/asthma, and renal toxicity [2,3].Adequate knowledge and accurate information about hair dye usage and its adverse effects are important for the general population. Identification of correlates of poor knowledge, casual attitude, and wrong perceptions among the hair dye users will help in reducing the prevalence of hair dye associated complications.…”

Local allergic rhinitis

“…Regarding LMW allergens, a recent study by Helaskoski et al [43 & ] reviewed the number of positive SPT to chemicals in the past 20 years in the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, finding 20 positive cases, with isocyanate-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates, 10 with chloramine T-HSA and 17 of persulfates, with no evidence of positive SPTs to methacrylates, amines or glutaraldehyde, which highlights the difficulty of demonstrating the presence of IgE in the case of occupational rhinitis induced by LMW allergens. Another study [44] performed by the same group revealed that SPTs are insensitive for detecting cases of sensitization to paraphenylenediamine among hairdressers. Another in-vitro technique such as BAT has also been applied for the investigation of occupational asthma and occupational rhinitis with several allergens including wood allergens [45].…”