Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nigerian Blood Donors and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Risks

Oluyinka, Opaleye O.; Tong, Hoang Van; Tien, Sy Bui; Fagbami, A.H.; Adekanle, Olusegun; Ojurongbe, Olusola; Bock, C.‐Thomas; Kremsner, Peter G.; Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131912

Cited by 70 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Occult hepatitis B infection prevalence is highly variable ( Prevalence lower than that of our study: 0.006%, 0.22%, 0.05% and 0.0006% were reported by Oluyinka OO et al [5] in Poland, Italy, Spain and Germany respectively; they are low endemic countries. The high prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection in our study can be attributable to the fact that Burkina Faso belongs to a high HBV endemic area, the small tested sample size for DNA and also the improvement in more sensitive DNA detection technics (real time PCR).…”

Section: Prevalencecontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Very low prevalence, 0.006%, 0.22%, 0.05% and 0.0006%, was reported by Oluyinka OO et al [5] in Poland, Italy, Spain and Germany respectively; they are low endemic countries for hepatitis B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Data on occult hepatitis B viral infection in developing countries are almost non-existent. In literature, the occult hepatitis B viral infection prevalence varies according to the detection method and the endemic level of the area [5] [10]. Burkina Faso is a high endemic area for hepatitis B with a prevalence higher than 14% [8] [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is highly variable since figures in the literature are ranged from 0 to 50% [1]. Coulibaly ML [2], Moresco M. Ndos S [3], Said ZN [4] and Oluyinka OO [5], in their studies, found that OBI's prevalence was respectively: -6.12% in a series of 147 haemodialysed patients; -2.7% samples were negative for HBsAg and positive for HBV DNA in 3600; -17% occult hepatitis B infection in blood donors; -17.2% occult hepatitis B infection in 3167 negative HBsAg donors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Should Not Be the Only Sought Marker to Distinguish Blood Donors towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection in High Prevalence Area

Somda¹,

Sermé²,

Coulibaly³

et al. 2016

OJGas

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Since its discovery by Blumberg in 1965, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is used as the fingerprint of hepatitis B infection. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined by a viral replication (DNA detectable) in the absence of HBsAg. Burkina Faso is a high endemic area where the prevalence is higher than 14%. At the National Center for Blood Transfusion (NCBT) of Ouagadougou, HBsAg is the only sought marker used to distinguish donors towards Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Acceptation of blood donation is based specifically on the absence of HBsAg, which exposes to the risk of HBV transmission during transfusion. The goal of this study is to evaluate this risk by determining the prevalence of OBI in blood donors. Patients and Methods: It was a five-month prospective study on blood donations collected from January to May 2016. The HBc antibody has been sought in the serums of negative HBsAg donors. The measure of B DNA by Real Time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and that of antibodies anti-HBs have been proposed to anti-HBc positive donors. Abdominal ultrasound, the transaminases, prothrombin level, alphafeto-proteins, hepatic fibrosis have been proposed to donors who were detectable for the DNA. Sociodemographic parameters have been collected. The test costs were borne by donors who were recalled by phone to adhere to the study. Results: Among 1980 negative donors HBsAg, 872 (44%) were positive for anti-HBc. 160 on 872 donors were received for consultation, among which 76 (76/160) were able to realise DNA which was detectable in 25 donors on 76, thus a prevalence of 32.8%. The mean value of DNA was 953 IU/ml. Physical examination and hepatic ultrasounds were normal except a case where hepatic steatosis was found. The biologic standard hepatic results were in normal range. None of the patient was able to realise hepatic fibrosis evaluation. A case of co-infection HIV/OBI was noted. Conclusion: This study shows that in BurHow to cite this paper: Somda, K.S., Sermé, A.K., Coulibaly, A., Cissé, K., Sawadogo, A., Sombié, A.R. and Bougouma, A. 363kina, almost half of blood bags transfused are anti-HBc positive and around one third (32.8%) probably have HBV DNA. This poses a potential risk of contamination for non-immunized recipient. It is thus important that, in addition to HBsAg, AntiHBc should be systematically sought in order to minimize the risk.

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Section: Prevalencecontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Should Not Be the Only Sought Marker to Distinguish Blood Donors towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection in High Prevalence Area

Somda¹,

Sermé²,

Coulibaly³

et al. 2016

OJGas

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show abstract

“…The use of other HBV markers such as Anti HBc and viral DNA would improve screening and reduce the risk of transmission [11]. In a recent study among blood donors in Nigeria, the prevalence of occult hepatitis B as determined by DNA testing was 17% [12]. Our findings demonstrate that high sensitivity screening of donated blood, including screening for occult HBV, is indicated in our population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Carriage Among Blood Donors in Ziguinchor, Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Factors

NM¹,

Diatta²,

Diallo³

et al. 2017

J Infect Dis Ther

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Occult hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors, an overview of the challenges: A narrative review

Ahmadi,

Sharifi,

Ghasemi

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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BackgroundOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a transfusion‐transmitted infection. Although, screening the hepatitis B virus among blood donors can play an important role in increasing the health of blood products, OBI screening in blood transfusion centers is still a challenge. This review study aimed to appraise the challenges of OBI screening and its associated do's and don'ts in blood transfusion centers.MethodsIn this review study, a search was conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Irandoc, and Magiran from January 1996 to December 2020. Also, cross‐sectional studies that determined the prevalence of OBI or anti‐HBc were included in the study. In addition, studies with incomplete data on the prevalence of OBI were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of OBI varies among Iranian blood donors. The rates reported by blood transfusion centers of Mashhad, Ahvaz, and Tehran were 0%, and Isfahan, Shiraz, and Kerman were 0.9%, 0.08%, and 2.36%, respectively. In areas with high prevalence of hepatitis B virus, OBI screening only by anti‐HBc test led to the exemption of blood donors from donating blood. Avoiding OBI screening also effected the risk of virus transmission to blood recipients. Plasma products had a higher risk (85%) of virus transmission.ConclusionsDetermining an appropriate screening strategy based on prevalence status, the cost‐effectiveness of screening tests, and the policies of each blood transfusion center is essential.

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Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nigerian Blood Donors and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Risks

Cited by 70 publications

References 40 publications

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Should Not Be the Only Sought Marker to Distinguish Blood Donors towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection in High Prevalence Area

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Should Not Be the Only Sought Marker to Distinguish Blood Donors towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection in High Prevalence Area

Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Carriage Among Blood Donors in Ziguinchor, Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Occult hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors, an overview of the challenges: A narrative review

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