Occlusion of retinal capillaries caused by glial cell proliferation in chronic ocular inflammation

Bianchi, Enrica; Ripandelli, Guido; Fehér, János; Plateroti, Andrea Maria; Plateroti, Rocco; Kovács, Illés; Plateroti, Pasquale; Taurone, Samanta; Artico, Marco

doi:10.5603/fm.2015.0006

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The basement membrane (BM) has a lighter tone and surrounds the pericytes separating them from the endothelium. Macroglia were identified by their abundance of electron-dense endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm(Bianchi et al, 2015;Wakakura & Foulds, 1988). Digital zooming of images was used to identify juxtaposed cell boundaries from two neighbouring cells(File S5: 10.25405/data.ncl.19597255).For the purposes of this study, Müller cells and astrocytes were grouped together as macroglia since in most cases they could not be discriminated from one another in SBF-SEM images.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of heterocellular features of the mouse retinal neurovascular unit by 3D electron microscopy

et al. 2022

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The retina has a complex structure with a diverse collection of component cells that work together to facilitate vision. The retinal capillaries supplying the nutritional requirements to the inner retina have an intricate system of neural, glial and vascular elements that interconnect to form the neurovascular unit (NVU). The retina has no autonomic nervous system and so relies on the NVU as an interdependent, physical

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of heterocellular features of the mouse retinal neurovascular unit by 3D electron microscopy

et al. 2022

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“…Considering what has been said so far, it clearly emerges that curcumin, the main polyphenolic compound of the food flavoring turmeric, has gained significant interest due to its biological anti-tumoral, antioxidant, immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic and antiviral properties (61,62). For this reason, it has been extensively studied in different fields of medicine, in general, and particularly, in ophthalmology, where inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of many ocular diseases, such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy (63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‑inflammatory role of curcumin in retinal disorders (Review)

et al. 2021

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Curcumin [1, -hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione], the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa, a flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae), is known to possess different pharmacological activities, particularly anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Since an underlying inflammatory process exists in several ocular conditions, such as anterior uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the aim of the present review was to summarize the pleiotropic effects exerted by this molecule, focusing in particular on its beneficial role in retinal diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin has also been described in numerous systemic inflammatory pathologies and tumors. Specifically, the biological, pharmaceutical and nutra-ceutical properties of curcumin are associated with its ability to downregulate the expression of the following genes: IκBα, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α. According to this finding, curcumin may be useful in the treatment of some retinal disorders. In DR, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and AMD, beneficial effects have been observed following treatment with curcumin, including slowing down of the inflammatory process. Despite the aforementioned evidence, the main disadvantage of this substance is that it possesses a low solubility, as well as poor oral bioavailability due to its reduced absorption, rapid metabolism and rapid elimination. Therefore, several curcumin analogues have been synthesized and tested over the years, in order to improve the possible obtainable therapeutic effects. The purpose of the present review was to identify new aspects that could guide future research on this important traditional medicine, which is a well-tolerated natural product, and is widely considered safe and economical.

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“…It has been found that the increased viability of retinal glial cells is one of the important reasons for the pathological changes in glaucoma, and also one of the important signs of retinal degeneration [13]. Glial cells are important retinal cells that regulate neuronal activity and affect neuronal survival in various kinds of injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol protects the retina from I/R injury by inhibiting RGCS apoptosis, glial activation and expression of inflammatory factors

Xia¹,

Yang²,

Chen³

2020

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Purpose: To study the protective effect of resveratrol against retinal injury induced by ischemiareperfusion (I/R), and the underlying mechanism action.Methods: Retinal I/R injury was established in 72 healthy male SD rats. The rats were assigned to 3 groups: control, model and resveratrol groups, with 24 rats in each group. Pathological changes in retina were determined using H&E staining. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted usingfluorescence gold retrograde staining. Western blotting was used to assay the expressions of caspase- 3, Bax, Bcl-2, GFAP, COX-2 and iNOS. The expressions of COX-2 and iNOS were measured by immunofluorescence.Results: The retina in the control group was dense and ordered, and its morphology was normal. In contrast, the retina in the model group was thinner, with loose cells and disordered structure. In the resveratrol group, the retina was thicker, the structure was orderly, and the cells were dense. Relative to control, the population of RGCs in model rat retina was significantly reduced, and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, GFAP, COX-2 and iNOS were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). In the resveratrol group, the number of RGCs in the retina was markedly elevated, relative to model rats, and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, GFAP, COX-2 and iNOS were significantly decreased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Resveratrol protects the retina from I/R injury in rats by inhibiting RGCs apoptosis, glial activation and expressions of inflammatory factors. Thus, this compound may be potentially suitable for the management of retina damage. Keywords: Resveratrol, RGCs apoptosis, Glial activation, Inflammatory factors, I/R injury

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Occlusion of retinal capillaries caused by glial cell proliferation in chronic ocular inflammation

Abstract: The inner blood-retinal barrier is a gliovascular unit in which glial

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Investigation of heterocellular features of the mouse retinal neurovascular unit by 3D electron microscopy

Investigation of heterocellular features of the mouse retinal neurovascular unit by 3D electron microscopy

Anti‑inflammatory role of curcumin in retinal disorders (Review)

Resveratrol protects the retina from I/R injury by inhibiting RGCS apoptosis, glial activation and expression of inflammatory factors

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