Occlusal features and need for orthodontic treatment in persons with osteogenesis imperfecta

Abstract

The aim of the study was to (a) analyse dental occlusion and determine the need for orthodontic treatment of persons with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in comparison with the healthy population and (b) investigate the associations between OI and malocclusion. A case‐control study included 26 OI persons and 400 healthy participants (control group). Occlusal features and the need for orthodontic treatment were defined according to Dental Health Component‐Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and Dental Aesthetic Index. Results showed that Angle Class I, II, and III relationship was found in 23.1%, 3.8%, and 73.1% of OI group, and in the control group, it was 67%, 17.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. OI group had significantly higher prevalence of reverse overjet >1 mm (76.9%), missing teeth (42.3%), posterior crossbite (34.6%), and open bite >2 mm (19.2%) compared to the control group (8.5%, 2.2%, 6.2%, and 3.5%, respectively). OI group had less incisal segment crowding and more incisal segment spacing than the control group (p < 0.05). The need for orthodontic treatment of OI group according to Dental Health Component‐Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and Dental Aesthetic Index was 88.5% and 61.5%, respectively, while in the control group, it was 24.8% and 51.8%. The malocclusion in OI persons was associated with reverse overjet > 1 mm (OR = 13.3, 95% CI = 3.9–44.7, p < .001), Angle Class III malocclusion (OR = 8.0, 95% CI = 2.0–30.8, p = .003), and missing teeth (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.0–22.4, p = .049). In conclusion, there is the high probability of malocclusion in OI persons. Persons with OI require early orthodontic treatment because of significant correlation of OI disease with Angle Class III malocclusion, reverse overjet, and missing teeth.

The effect of bisphosphonate medication on orthodontics and orthognathic surgery in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta

“…A recent study from Vietnam on the need for orthodontic therapy in OI confirms the high prevalence of class III malocclusion in a large population of patients. The frequency distribution confirms the well-known numerical superiority of type I in OI patients [ 71 ]. OI correlated significantly with reverse overjet and missing teeth.…”

“…It should be noted, however, that the conclusion of Hartsfield et al [ 32 ] still is valid and there are still no published clinical prospective studies regarding the performance of orthodontic therapy in OI patients. Indeed, the majority of orthodontic reports on OI patients are diagnostic [ 13 ], [ 20 ], [ 58 ], [ 48 ], [ 70 ], [ 71 ].…”

Dental management of a child with a rare bone disorder: a case report with a six-year follow up

“…Previous studies stated that the use of bisphosphonates for a long period could be associated to occurrence of osteonecrosis [8,23,24]. Osteonecrosis of maxillary bones due to dental extractions bones can be characterized by maxillary or mandibular bone exposure, evidenced by non-healing of soft tissues in the period of eight weeks postoperatively [8,23].…”

“…Previous studies stated that the use of bisphosphonates for a long period could be associated to occurrence of osteonecrosis [8,23,24]. Osteonecrosis of maxillary bones due to dental extractions bones can be characterized by maxillary or mandibular bone exposure, evidenced by non-healing of soft tissues in the period of eight weeks postoperatively [8,23]. However, even though in use of bisphosphonates, it is recommended that dental treatment of compromised tooth with indication of extraction be performed as soon as possible, since not extracting the compromised tooth would lead to the formation and maintenance of infection site in the oral cavity [8,9,10,24].…”

“…Regarding craniofacial abnormalities in individuals with OI type III, a triangular face, protrusive temporal bone and prominent frontal bone are common findings [23,25]. These characteristics seem to be directly related to the degree of bone frailty determined by the molecular abnormalities in collagen synthesis [25,26].…”