Fatigue cracking is one of the main damage mechanisms that take place in asphalt pavements. However, its evaluation during the design stages of the asphalt mixtures is not usually considered due to the complexity of the tests required, their high costs and the long time needed to perform them. As a consequence, several research teams have been working on developing new test procedures to reduce the time and costs related to the fatigue characterization of asphalt mixtures. In this context, this paper presents the development of a new test procedure that consists of cyclic uniaxial tension-compression test in which the stress applied increases every 5,000 cycles. This way it is possible to evaluate the response of the mixture under cyclic loading at different stress levels in one test, and the failure of the mixture takes place in a shorter period of time than that required by the classical time sweep fatigue tests. This paper presents the results obtained in the application of this new methodology to a mixture frequently used in Chilean pavement structures (type IV-A-12 by Chilean standards) with three different asphalt binders, a conventional binder (CA-24), a high modulus binder (CA-HM) and a polymer-modified binder (CA-PM). Also, three different types of aggregates, obtained by two different shredding processes, were evaluated. The results achieved in the development of this Direct Uniaxial Stress Sweep Test (DUSST) show that it is a practical method with great potential. It allows fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures at a shorter time to be characterized by means of important parameters, such as initial strain, failure strain, complex modulus and dissipated energy. In addition, a good sensitivity of the DUSST main parameters to variables evaluated was obtained.