Obstetrical Mode of Delivery and Childhood Behavior and Psychological Development in a British Cohort

Curran, Eileen A.; Cryan, John F.; Kenny, Louise C.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Kearney, Patricia M.; Khashan, Ali S.

doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2616-1

Cited by 84 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Maternal-to-offspring transmission is also believed to cause the chronic microbiota abnormalities seen in adult offspring of immune-activated mothers (18). Consistent with this, some studies report that C-section is associated with elevated risk for ASD in the offspring (108, 109), though one reported no link between C-section and ASD symptoms (110). While recent studies show offspring delivered by C-section have reduced microbial diversity compared to those by vaginal birth (111–113), there is also evidence that early life microbiome is plastic and other exposures can shape the infant microbiota.…”

Section: The Microbiome As a Potential Mediator Of Risk Factors In Asdmentioning

confidence: 63%

Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Vuong

Hsiao

2017

Biological Psychiatry

452

330

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that affects one in 45 children in the United States, with a similarly striking prevalence in countries around the world. However, mechanisms underlying its etiology and manifestations remain poorly understood. While ASD is diagnosed based on the presence and severity of impaired social communication and repetitive behavior, immune dysregulation and gastrointestinal issues are common co-morbidities. The microbiome is an integral part of human physiology; recent studies show that changes in the gut microbiota can modulate gastrointestinal physiology, immune function and even behavior. Links between particular bacteria from the indigenous gut microbiota and phenotypes relevant to ASD raise the important question of whether microbial dysbiosis plays a role in the development or presentation of ASD symptoms. Here we review reports of microbial dysbiosis in ASD. We further discuss potential effects of the microbiota on ASD-associated symptoms, drawing upon signaling mechanisms for reciprocal interactions between the microbiota, immunity, gut function and behavior. In addition, we discuss recent findings supporting a role for the microbiome as an interface between environmental and genetic risk factors that are associated with ASD. These studies highlight the integration of pathways across multiple body systems that together can impact brain and behavior and suggest that changes in the microbiome may contribute to symptoms of neurodevelopmental disease.

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Section: The Microbiome As a Potential Mediator Of Risk Factors In Asdmentioning

confidence: 63%

Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Vuong

Hsiao

2017

Biological Psychiatry

452

330

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“…In addition, children born by caesarean section exhibit increased risk of allergies, such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and this risk is highest in females born after multiple caesarean sections, paralleling well-established observations of female-biased risk in the development of allergies [104,105]. In addition, a recent meta-analysis reported that caesarean delivery is associated with increased odds of autism spectrum disorder, although a formal test failed to confirm this relationship [106,107].…”

Section: (B) Postnatalmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sex differences in the gut microbiome–brain axis across the lifespan

Jašarević

Morrison

Bale

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

226

167

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In recent years, the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain has emerged as a factor that influences immunity, metabolism, neurodevelopment and behaviour. Cross-talk between the gut and brain begins early in life immediately following the transition from a sterile in utero environment to one that is exposed to a changing and complex microbial milieu over a lifetime. Once established, communication between the gut and brain integrates information from the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, neuroendocrine and neuroimmune signals, and peripheral immune and metabolic signals. Importantly, the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiome undergoes many transitions that parallel dynamic periods of brain development and maturation for which distinct sex differences have been identified. Here, we discuss the sexually dimorphic development, maturation and maintenance of the gut microbiome–brain axis, and the sex differences therein important in disease risk and resilience throughout the lifespan.

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“…() reported no association between oxytocin‐induced labour and ADHD in the offspring. The Millennium cohort study, a nationally representative UK cohort of children, found no association between emergency delivery and ADHD (OR: 1.28; CI: 0.61–2.66)(Curran, Cryan et al., ). In contrast, a subsequent large cohort study by the same research group reported the association between emergency caesarean delivery and ADHD (HR: 1.16; CI: 1.12–1.20) (Curran, Khashan et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%