Obstacle Avoidance System for Unmanned Ground Vehicles by Using Ultrasonic Sensors

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer to perform the functions and reasoning typical of the human mind. In its purely informatic aspect, it includes the theory and techniques for the development of algorithms that allow machines to show an intelligent ability and/or perform an intelligent activity, at least in specific areas. In particular, there are automatic learning algorithms based on the same mechanisms that are thought to be the basis of all the cognitive processes developed by the human brain. Such a powerful tool has already started to produce a new class of self-driving vehicles. With the projections of population growth that will increase until the year 2100 up to 11.2 billion, research on innovating agricultural techniques must be continued. In order to improve the efficiency regarding precision agriculture, the use of autonomous agricultural machines must become an important issue. For this reason, it was decided to test the use of the "Neural Network Toolbox" tool already present in MATLAB to design an artificial neural network with supervised learning suitable for classification and pattern recognition by using data collected by an ultrasonic sensor. The idea is to use such a protocol to retrofit kits for agricultural machines already present on the market.

Tie-System Calibration for the Experimental Setup of Large Deployable Reflectors

“…Tie-cable regulation is usually independent of the actuators used for the LDA deployment [38][39][40] and from the control system [41][42][43][44]. Here, the method to regulate tie cable tension in an antenna with rigid ring truss support is first described.…”

Autonomous Technologies in Agricultural Equipment: A Review of the State of the Art

“…Another key challenge in path planning is obstacle avoidance. Systems designed for this purpose can be used to assist human vehicle operators or on fully autonomous vehicles (De Simone et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018). One type of obstacle-avoidance system uses local data about the vehicle's environment to control steering to avoid obstacles.…”

Construction of a Device for Obstacle Detection

“…Sensors [6] are of different types like color, gas, ultrasonic, touch, PIR, IR, humidity, heartbeat. Among these, the authors use an ultrasonic sensor [3] shown in Fig.1 because it is cost-effective and reliable. Usually, this sensor is used to recognize the barrier.…”