Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. A 6-22-year follow-up study. Clinical descriptions of the course and continuity of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology

Abstract

Forty-seven individuals (28 male and 19 female) referred for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in childhood were followed-up 15 years later (range 6-22 years) in respect of psychiatric and personality disorders. In early adulthood, the patients could be sub-divided into 4 groups of about equal size. One group had no later OCD, another had OCD on a sub-clinical level, a third group had an episodic course of OCD, and a final group had a chronic and often very disabling OCD. Outcome was similar in males and females, except that more girls had an episodic course. Eating disorder was diagnosed in 4 (21%) of the females, and Asperger syndrome in 2 (7%) of the males, at follow-up.

Three Diagnostic Approaches to Asperger Syndrome: Implications for Research

“…AS has been associated with a host of comorbid conditions, including schizophrenia (Clarke,Little Johns, Corbett, & Joseph, 1989;Tantam, 1988), Tourette's syndrome (Kerbeshian & Burd, 1986), attentional, affective, and obsessional disorders (Ghaziuddin, Tsai, & Ghaziuddin, 1992b;Thomsen, 1994). More recent research has emphasized anxiety, mood and obsessional disorders to be particularly prevalent in this population (Green, Gilchrist, Burton, & Cox, 2000;Kim, Szatmari, Bryson, Streiner, & Wilson, 2000).…”

Supporting More Able Students on the Autism Spectrum: College and Beyond

“…Case studies have suggested potential links to other disorders including Tourette's syndrome (e.g., Gillberg and Rastam 1992;Kerbeshian and Burd 1986;Littlejohns et al 1990;Marriage et al 1993), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Thomsen 1994) and psychotic conditions (both psychotic depression and bipolar disorder) (Gillberg 1985). A small, mostly British literature suggests some increased risk for criminality and/or troubles with the law (e.g., Baron-Cohen 1988;Everall and LeCouteur 1990;Mawson et al 1985;Scragg and Shah 1994;Tantam 1988c;Wing 1981) although often legal troubles seem to stem from poor social judgment and limited empathy rather than malevolent intent (Ghaziuddin et al 1991;Klin et al 2004).…”

The addition of buspirone to SSRI in the treatment of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. A study of six cases

“…OCD is in many cases a chronic illness with``ups and downs'' over time (16,8). Therefore, we can not exclude the idea that there may be a``time eect'' in the patients, that augmentation therapy was introduced at a point when the clinical status was poor, and that the clinical observations may re¯ect¯uctuations over time.…”