Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Paraphilia in a Monozygotic Twin Pair

Cryan, E.; Butcher, Gerard; Webb, Marcus

doi:10.1192/bjp.161.5.694

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The theoretical implications of cerebral palsy, deafness, mutism, and epilepsy in the sample remain unexplained in the present state of knowledge. Cryan et al [51] presented a pair of monozygotic twins concordant for both OCD and paraphilia and suggested there may be an organic basis to these conditions, quoting case reports of deviant sexual behavior associated with brain pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Paraphilia: A Pilot Study with the Construction of Genograms

et al. 2012

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Biological factors are likely predisposing and modulating elements in sexually deviant behavior. The observation that paraphilic behavior tends to cluster in some families is intriguing and potentially raises questions as to whether shared genetic factors may play a role in the transmission of paraphilia. This pilot study introduces five families in which we found presence of paraphilia over generations. We constructed genograms on the basis of a standardized family history. Results document the aggregation of sexual deviations within the sample of families and support a clinical/phenomenological heterogeneity of sexual deviation. The concept of paraphilia in relation to phenotypic expressions and the likelihood of a spectrum of related disorders must be clarified before conclusions can be reached as to family aggregation of paraphilia based on biological factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Paraphilia: A Pilot Study with the Construction of Genograms

et al. 2012

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“…Segregation analyses of OCD families based on either OCD diagnosis or OC symptoms found results most consistent with a complex genetic model, including a possible major single locus, most often in combination with multiple other minor contributing loci, suggestive of a mixed model of inheritance [31,[33][34][35][36][37]. In a still-limited number of studies, monozygotic twins have been reported as strongly concordant for OC symptoms [38][39][40][41]. Although reports contrasting the rates of the disorder in monozygotic versus dizygotic twins with OCD are few in number, in the Maudsley twin register, the concordance rates in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were 87 per cent and 47 per cent, respectively, giving a heritability estimate of 80 per cent [42], and a Japanese study found concordance for OC symptoms in 80 per cent of monozygotic twins compared with 50 per cent of dizygotic twin pairs [43].…”

Section: (C) Family and Twin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Anxiety and affective disorder comorbidity related to serotonin and other neurotransmitter systems: obsessive–compulsive disorder as an example of overlapping clinical and genetic heterogeneity

Murphy

Moya

Fox

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have also been shown to have comorbid lifetime diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD; rates greater than 70%), bipolar disorder (rates greater than 10%) and other anxiety disorders (e.g. panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)). In addition, overlap exists in some common genetic variants (e.g. the serotonin transporter gene ( SLC6A4 ), the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene), and rare variants in genes/chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. the 22q11 microdeletion syndrome) found across the affective/anxiety disorder spectrums. OCD has been proposed as a possible independent entity for DSM-5, but by others thought best retained as an anxiety disorder subtype (its current designation in DSM-IV), and yet by others considered best in the affective disorder spectrum. This review focuses on OCD, a well-studied but still puzzling heterogeneous disorder, regarding alterations in serotonergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in addition to other systems involved, and how related genes may be involved in the comorbidity of anxiety and affective disorders. OCD resembles disorders such as depression, in which gene × gene interactions, gene × environment interactions and stress elements coalesce to yield OC symptoms and, in some individuals, full-blown OCD with multiple comorbid disorders.

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“…6 The role of heredity in OCD has long been suspected by clinicians. [7][8][9][10][11] Several twin studies have found that the concordance for obsessive-compulsive symptoms is substantially greater in monozygotic twin pairs (80%-87%) than dizygotic twin pairs (47%-50%). 12,13 Many family studies of OCD have been conducted, although most had methodological limitations, such as failure to use structured or semistructured diagnostic instruments and noninclusion of control groups.…”

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confidence: 99%