“…Another popular approach for constructing Lyapunov functions for fractional-order systems is based on rewriting the system's equations in an equivalent form, which is obtained by considering the frequency distributed model of fractional integrators. For more details about this approach and some of its applications in control systems design, see [77] and [78], [79], respectively. Stability analysis of incommensurate order systems, in comparison with that of commensurate order ones, is generally more complicated 4 .…”
Section: Stability Analysis Based On Lyapunov Direct Methodsmentioning
In recent years, fractional-order differential operators, and the dynamic models constructed based on these generalized operators have been widely considered in design and practical implementation of electrical circuits and systems. Simultaneously, facing with fractional-order dynamics and the nonlinear ones in electrical circuits and systems enforces us to use more advanced tools (in comparison to those commonly used in design and analysis of linear fractional-order/nonlinear integer-order circuits and systems) for their analysis, design, and implementation. Discussing on such a motivation, this tutorial paper aims to provide an overview on the recent achievements in proposing effective tools for analysis and design of nonlinear fractional-order circuits and systems. Moreover, some open problems, which can specify future directions for continuing research works on the aforementioned subject, are discussed.
“…Another popular approach for constructing Lyapunov functions for fractional-order systems is based on rewriting the system's equations in an equivalent form, which is obtained by considering the frequency distributed model of fractional integrators. For more details about this approach and some of its applications in control systems design, see [77] and [78], [79], respectively. Stability analysis of incommensurate order systems, in comparison with that of commensurate order ones, is generally more complicated 4 .…”
Section: Stability Analysis Based On Lyapunov Direct Methodsmentioning
In recent years, fractional-order differential operators, and the dynamic models constructed based on these generalized operators have been widely considered in design and practical implementation of electrical circuits and systems. Simultaneously, facing with fractional-order dynamics and the nonlinear ones in electrical circuits and systems enforces us to use more advanced tools (in comparison to those commonly used in design and analysis of linear fractional-order/nonlinear integer-order circuits and systems) for their analysis, design, and implementation. Discussing on such a motivation, this tutorial paper aims to provide an overview on the recent achievements in proposing effective tools for analysis and design of nonlinear fractional-order circuits and systems. Moreover, some open problems, which can specify future directions for continuing research works on the aforementioned subject, are discussed.
“…RNNs are also used to estimate the nonlinear terms in an active power filter [28][29]. A fractional-order adaptive neuro-fuzzy sliding mode H∞ control is designed for fuzzy singularly perturbed systems in [30], An observer-based adaptive hybrid fuzzy resilient controller is derived for fractionalorder nonlinear systems with time-varying delays and actuator failures in [31]. An adaptive command filtered neuro-fuzzy controller is developed for fractional-order nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and input quantization in [32].…”
In this paper, a fractional-order sliding mode control method based on a double recurrent perturbation fuzzy neural network (DRPFNN) is proposed for a micro gyroscope system with parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. The DRPFNN is used to realize the adaptive estimation of the unknown part, which ensures that the controller is independent of the accurate mathematical model. The sine-cosine perturbation membership function is used to deal with the uncertainty of rules in neural network, increasing the accuracy, reduce the calculation load, and simplifying computational complexity. In addition, double recurrent links are added to transmit more information with superior dynamic ability. Then, the proposed control system is composed of a DRPFNN estimator and a fractional-order sliding mode controller (FSMC). The fractional calculus operator is introduced into the sliding surface to improve the controller flexibility. The parameter adaptive laws in the neural network are designed to be adaptively stabilized to the optimal value. Finally, simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method, showing it can obtain higher control accuracy and enhance robustness than the traditional sliding mode control method.
INDEX TERMSDouble recurrent perturbation fuzzy neural network; Recurrent neural network; Sliding mode control; Fractional order; Micro gyroscope.
“…Fuzzy sliding mode theory combined with Fractional-order theory was proposed for uncertain Fractional-order nonlinear systems in [32]. In [33], [34], dynamic surface control strategies combined with the Fractional-order theory were designed for Fractional-order nonlinear systems. By combining the traditional PID sliding surface with the Fractional-order theory, the linear Fractionalorder PID (LFOPID) sliding surface can be obtained.…”
In this article, a novel adaptive super-twisting nonlinear Fractional-order PID sliding mode control (ASTNLFOPIDSMC) strategy using extended state observer (ESO) for the speed operation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. Firstly, this paper proposes a novel nonlinear Fractional-order PID (NLFOPID) sliding surface with nonlinear proportion term, nonlinear integral term and nonlinear differential term. Secondly, the novel NLFOPID switching manifold and an adaptive supertwisting reaching law (ASTRL) are applied to obtain excellent control performance in the sliding mode phase and the reaching phase, respectively. The novel ASTNLFOPIDSMC strategy is constructed by the ASTRL and the NLFOPID sliding surface. Due to the utilization of NLFOPID switching manifold, the characteristics of fast convergence, good robustness and small steady state error can be ensured in the sliding mode phase. Due to the utilization of ASTRL, the chattering phenomenon can be weakened, and the characteristics of high accuracy and strong robustness can be obtained in the reaching phase. Further, an ESO is designed to achieve dynamic feedback compensation for external disturbance. Furthermore, Lyapunov stability theorem and Fractional calculus are used to prove the stability of the system. Finally, comparison results under different controllers demonstrate that the proposed control strategy not only achieves good stability and dynamic properties, but also is robust to external disturbance. INDEX TERMS Adaptive super-twisting nonlinear Fractional-order PID sliding mode control (ASTNL-FOPIDSMC) strategy, extended state observer (ESO), permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), nonlinear Fractional-order PID (NLFOPID) sliding surface, adaptive super-twisting reaching law (ASTRL).
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