Observer accuracy in the detection of pulmonary nodules on CT: effect of cine frame rate

Copley, Susan J.; Bryant, T. H. E.; Chambers, A. Alan; Harvey, Christopher J.; Hodson, John; Graham, Alison; Lynch, Matthew; Paley, Mark R.; Partridge, William; Rangi, Prem; Schmitz, Stephan A.; Win, Zarni; Todd, J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.crad.2009.05.016

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, in clinical practice, observers often utilises a cine loop to get an overview before carrying on with a more scrutinising search. How different frame rates are related to accuracy in detecting lesions has been investigated in CT [12, 13]. These studies indicate that a higher frame rate reduces accuracy, when analysing frame rates from 0.5 to 21 frames per second (fps).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of viewing procedures for interpretation of breast tomosynthesis image volumes: a detection-task study with eye tracking

et al. 2012

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficiency of different methods of reading breast tomosynthesis (BT) image volumes.MethodsAll viewing procedures consisted of free scroll volume browsing and three were combined with initial cine loops at three different frame rates (9, 14 and 25 fps). The presentation modes consisted of vertically and horizontally orientated BT image volumes. Fifty-five normal BT image volumes in mediolateral oblique view were collected. In these, simulated lesions were inserted, creating four unique image sets, one for each viewing procedure. Four observers interpreted the cases in a free-response task. Time efficiency, visual attention and search were investigated using eye tracking.ResultsHorizontally orientated BT image volumes were read faster than vertically when using free scroll browsing only and when combined with fast cine loop. Cine loops at slow frame rates were ruled out as inefficient.ConclusionsIn general, horizontally oriented BT image volumes were read more efficiently. All viewing procedures except for slow frame rates were promising when assuming equivalent detection performance.Key Points• Breast tomosynthesis is increasingly used for breast cancer detection• There is a benefit in reading breast tomosynthesis image volumes presented horizontally• Align image content to visual field, especially for dynamic 3D images• Reading at slow frame rates was considered inefficient

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of viewing procedures for interpretation of breast tomosynthesis image volumes: a detection-task study with eye tracking

et al. 2012

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“…One way to reduce reading time can be to increase frame rates in a cine loop viewing mode, where the stack of images in a 3D volume are displayed as a movie. How different frame rates are related to accuracy in detecting lesions, have been investigated regarding CT of the chest 15 and in abdominal CT 16 . These studies indicates that higher frame rate reduces the accuracy, when analyzing frame rates per second from 1 to 15 15 and from 0.5 to 21 16 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How different frame rates are related to accuracy in detecting lesions, have been investigated regarding CT of the chest 15 and in abdominal CT 16 . These studies indicates that higher frame rate reduces the accuracy, when analyzing frame rates per second from 1 to 15 15 and from 0.5 to 21 16 , respectively. How different frame rates are related to lesion detection accuracy in BT image volumes and if there is a benefit of showing an initial cine loop have not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing viewing procedures of breast tomosynthesis image volumes using eye tracking combined with a free response human observer study

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate four different viewing procedures as part of improving viewing conditions of breast tomosynthesis (BT) image volumes. The procedures consisted of free scroll volume browsing, and a combination of initial cine loops at three different frame rates (9, 14 and 25 fps) terminated upon request followed by free scroll volume browsing. Fifty-five normal BT image volumes in MLO view were collected. In these, simulated lesions (20 masses and 20 clusters of microcalcifications) were randomly inserted, creating four unique image sets for each procedure. Four readers interpreted the cases in a random order. Their task was to locate a lesion, mark and assign a five level confidence scale. The diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using Jackknife Free Receiver Operating Characteristics (JAFROC). Time efficiency and visual search behavior were also investigated using eye tracking. The results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference in JAFROC FOM between the different viewing procedures, however the medium cine loop speed seemed to be the preferred viewing procedure in terms of total analyze time and dwell time.

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“…Contemporary medical image reading tasks have increased enormously in size and complexity of routine screening due to rapid technological developments (Andriole et al, 2011 ). Today, viewing stacked CT images on a PC display is a routine practice in nearly all radiology departments (e.g., Copley et al, 2010 ; Drew et al, 2013 ). In this process, a radiologist typically scrolls quickly through a stack of 2-D CT images, which are thin slices of the 3-D volume of an organ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this experiment, the medical images were presented automatically. Strictly speaking, this is not identical to the routine stack viewing of medical screening tasks, because in the normal contexts radiologists can freely scroll through the stacks of images (Gur et al, 1994 ; Copley et al, 2010 ; Drew et al, 2013 ). However, this task has the advantage that we can rigorously control the presentation rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Characteristics of Radiologists' and Novices' Lesion Detection in Viewing Medical Images Presented Rapidly and Sequentially

et al. 2016

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Although viewing multiple stacks of medical images presented on a display is a relatively new but useful medical task, little is known about this task. Particularly, it is unclear how radiologists search for lesions in this type of image reading. When viewing cluttered and dynamic displays, continuous motion itself does not capture attention. Thus, it is effective for the target detection that observers' attention is captured by the onset signal of a suddenly appearing target among the continuously moving distractors (i.e., a passive viewing strategy). This can be applied to stack viewing tasks, because lesions often show up as transient signals in medical images which are sequentially presented simulating a dynamic and smoothly transforming image progression of organs. However, it is unclear whether observers can detect a target when the target appears at the beginning of a sequential presentation where the global apparent motion onset signal (i.e., signal of the initiation of the apparent motion by sequential presentation) occurs. We investigated the ability of radiologists to detect lesions during such tasks by comparing the performances of radiologists and novices. Results show that overall performance of radiologists is better than novices. Furthermore, the temporal locations of lesions in CT image sequences, i.e., when a lesion appears in an image sequence, does not affect the performance of radiologists, whereas it does affect the performance of novices. Results indicate that novices have greater difficulty in detecting a lesion appearing early than late in the image sequence. We suggest that radiologists have other mechanisms to detect lesions in medical images with little attention which novices do not have. This ability is critically important when viewing rapid sequential presentations of multiple CT images, such as stack viewing tasks.

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Observer accuracy in the detection of pulmonary nodules on CT: effect of cine frame rate

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Investigation of viewing procedures for interpretation of breast tomosynthesis image volumes: a detection-task study with eye tracking

Investigation of viewing procedures for interpretation of breast tomosynthesis image volumes: a detection-task study with eye tracking

Optimizing viewing procedures of breast tomosynthesis image volumes using eye tracking combined with a free response human observer study

Temporal Characteristics of Radiologists' and Novices' Lesion Detection in Viewing Medical Images Presented Rapidly and Sequentially

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