Observed and Modeled Seasonal Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Senegal During 2015 and 2016

Touré, N.O.; Guèye, Ndèye Ramatoulaye Diagne; Diokhane, A. Mbow; Jenkins, G. S.; Li, M.; Drame, Mamadou Simina; Coker, K.A.R.; Thiam, K.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1778

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Toure et al. (2019) showed that there are many asthma cases and acute respiratory infections in Senegal throughout the year. Further, Marone et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desert dust can have harmful effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular systems (De Longueville et al, 2013;Goudie, 2014). Toure et al (2019) showed that there are many asthma cases and acute respiratory infections in Senegal throughout the year. Further, Marone et al (2020) show that bacteria exists on the surface of dust particles, with some serving as pathogens that could have health impacts in West Africa during the winter and spring.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID‐19 During Harmattan Season

et al. 2022

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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originating from the Wuhan region of China, has caused devastating damages across the world. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been reported in global transportation (Abu-Rayash & Dincer, 2020) and power system (Gulati et al., 2021). The greatest impact has been on the global health system, overwhelming the health care facilities of many developed and developing countries (Armocida et al., 2020). COVID-19 infections could be asymptomatic, symptomatic or presymptomatic leading to severe forms which require intubation and can lead to death (Lee et al., 2020). For instance, older patients with more than one underlying medical condition (e.g., hypertension, obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases etc.) are more predisposed to severe COVID-19 complications (Fang et al., 2020; R. T. CDC et al., 2020), although younger and healthier patients are more likely to respond faster to treatment (C. CDC et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2020). Multiple organ failure and cardiopulmonary complications, such as myopericarditis, pulmonary embolism and acute respiratory distress syndrome, represent some of the major complications of severe COVID-19. The COVID-19 outbreak has created a global health crisis. There are a total of 171,259,456 COVID-19 cases, 3,567,030 deaths worldwide as of 2 June 2021 (John Hopkins University, 2021) with Nigeria having the highest number of cases (166,534) and deaths (2,099) in West Africa. The first case of COVID-19 incidence was reported on 27 February 2020. Since then the reported confirmed cases increased considerably to about 1,350 cases before the end of the second month. Lagos State, Kano State and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) reported the highest number of cases in Nigeria. The Federal government of Nigeria and various State Governments imposed restrictive measures such suspension of all activities and religious gatherings, indefinite closure of public and private schools/institutions, extension of the travel ban to some countries, suspension of the

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“…Toure et al. (2019) showed that there are many asthma cases and acute respiratory infections in Senegal throughout the year. Further, Marone et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID‐19 During Harmattan Season

et al. 2022

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“…The Harmattan season is highly variable from year to year and characterized by dry and hazy conditions and little rainfall, which allows widespread entrainment and dispersal of fine and coarse fraction dust from the Sahara Desert across western Africa (Awadzi & Breuning‐Madsen, 2009; Lanzerstorfer, 2017; Toure et al, 2019). In Ghana, these dusts usually originate in intense dust storms (“haboobs”) caused by the Bodélé depression occurring between Tibesti and Lake Chad (K. Sunnu et al, 2018; Naidja et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In northern Ghana, the season is dominated by the NE Harmattan winds, and by SW monsoon winds in southern Ghana, although instabilities in the ITCZ can lead to NE Harmattan winds in the south (Awadzi & Breuning‐Madsen, 2009). While only surface PM measurements are directly relevant to community exposures, satellite estimates of AOD and other optical properties, and surface sun photometer estimates of AOD can indicate the potential presence of Harmattan dusts (Toure et al, 2019). These indicators have limitations: the column integrated measures are estimated only during daytime and when clouds do not obscure the sun, MODIS satellite coverage is incomplete at the equator (often the study area is excluded), and most importantly, the relationship between AOD and surface PM concentrations is not direct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Impacts at an E‐Waste Site in Ghana Using Flexible, Moderate‐Cost and Quality‐Assured Measurements

et al. 2020

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Air quality information is scarce in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study describes the application of moderate cost approaches that can provide spatial and temporal information on concentrations of particulate matter (PM) needed to assess community and occupational exposures. We evaluated PM levels at the Agbogbloshie e‐waste and scrap yard site in Accra, Ghana, and at upwind and downwind locations, obtaining both optical and gravimetric measurements, local meteorological data and satellite aerosol optical depth. Due to overload issues, the gravimetric 24‐hr samplers were modified for periodic sampling and some optical data were screened for quality assurance. Exceptionally high concentrations (e.g., 1‐hr average PM10 exceeding 2000 μg/m3) were sometimes encountered near combustion sources, including open fires at the e‐waste site and spoil piles. 24‐hr PM2.5 levels averaged 31, 88 and 57 μg/m3 at upwind, e‐waste and downwind sites, respectively, and PM10 averaged 145, 214 and 190 μg/m3, considerably exceeding air quality standards. Upwind levels likely reflected biomass burning that is prevalent in the surrounding informal settlements; levels at the e‐waste and downwind sites also reflected contributions from biomass combustion and traffic. The highest PM levels occurred in evenings, influenced by diurnal changes in emission rates, atmospheric dispersion and wind direction shifts. We demonstrate that moderate cost instrumentation, with some modifications, appropriate data cleaning protocols, and attention to understanding local sources and background levels, can be used to characterize spatial and temporal variation in PM levels in urban and industrial areas.

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“…Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is a direct link between exposure to high amounts of dust particles and the number of daily hospitalizations and deaths (Karanasiou et al 2012;Rublee et al, 2020;Herrera-Molina et al, 2021). Exposure to dust particles during dust events can cause respiratory and cardiovascular problems (Zhang et al, 2016;Toure et al, 2019;Rublee et al, 2020); increase the probability of low birth weight and premature birth (Dastoorpoor et al, 2018;Jones, 2020;Bogan et al, 2021); cause different diseases, such as meningitis (Diokhane et al, 2016) and valley fever (Middleton, 2020); and, in rare cases, end in death (Crooks et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). Information on the increase in particle concentrations and the change in particle sizes with the degradation of air quality during dust events can help develop an understanding of the impact that these events have on people who are exposed to them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size distribution and particulate matter concentrations during synoptic and convective dust events in West Texas

Ardon‐Dryer

Kelley

2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Dust events are an important and complex constituent of the atmospheric system that can impact Earth's climate, the environment, and human health. The frequency of dust events in the Southern High Plains of West Texas has increased over the past 2 decades, yet their impact on air quality in this region is still unclear. This is due to the fact that there is only one air quality monitoring station that measures only PM2.5 concentrations (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm), and there is no information on other PM sizes or the particle size distribution. The Aerosol Research Observation Station (AEROS) unit provides insight into the local variation in particle concentration during different dust events and allows for a better understanding of the impact of dust events on air quality. As this area is prone to dust events, we were wondering if dust events generated by different meteorological causes (synoptic vs. convective) would present similar particle concentrations or particle size distributions. Thus, in this project, three different dust events were measured by AEROS and compared. Each dust event originated from a different direction and lasted a different duration. One of the dust events was synoptic (10 April 2019) and two were convective (5 and 21 June 2019). Measurements of particle mass and number concentration, size distribution, and meteorological conditions for each dust event were compared. The synoptic dust event (on 10 April) was longer (12 h) and had stronger wind speed conditions (up to 22.1 m s−1), whereas the two respective convective dust events on 5 and 21 June lasted only 20 and 30 min and had lower wind speeds (up to 16.5 and 13.4 m s−1). Observation of PM based on daily and hourly values showed an impact on air quality, yet measurements based on daily and hourly values underestimate the impact of the convective dust events. Observations based on a shorter timescale (10 min) reveal the true impact of the two convective dust events. A comparison of the particle size distribution showed that all three dust events presented an increase in particles in the 0.3–10 µm size range. Comparisons of the particle concentration for particles > 5 and > 10 µm show very high values during the dust events. Some particle sizes even increase in concentration by ∼ 2 orders of magnitude compared with the time before the dust event. This leads us to speculate that the impact of convective dust events on air quality in this region is underestimated with the current (hourly basis) method.

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Observed and Modeled Seasonal Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Senegal During 2015 and 2016

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID‐19 During Harmattan Season

The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID‐19 During Harmattan Season

Air Quality Impacts at an E‐Waste Site in Ghana Using Flexible, Moderate‐Cost and Quality‐Assured Measurements

Particle size distribution and particulate matter concentrations during synoptic and convective dust events in West Texas

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