Observations on the migration, aggregation and phagocytosis of embryonic cells

Holtfreter, Johannes

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050800103

Cited by 90 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The intercellular fluid of Xenopus embryos resembles Ringer solution (Slack et al 1973). We have therefore used Ringer solution as our basic medium rather than one containing a relatively low concentration of NaCl, as has previously been used for culture of either isolated cells or small explants from amphibian embryos (Holtfreter, 1947;Jones & Elsdale, 1963;Barth & Barth, 1959 (Hamilton, 1969;Muntz, 1975;Blackshaw & Warner, 1976b). This feature is preserved in culture, as found also by Anderson et al (1977).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 79%

The function of the sodium pump during differentiation of amphibian embryonic neurones.

Messenger¹,

Warner²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A method has been developed for studying the differentiation in tissue culture of ectoderm and mesoderm derivatives, dissected from amphibian embryos which have just completed neurulation.2. Neurones, striated muscle cells and pigment cells, together with other unidentifiable cell types, differentiated as a monolayer with approximately the same time course as in the whole embryo. The proportion of different cell types in the cultures was measured quantitatively by cell counting. 3. Treatment of embryos during neurulation with the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin reduced the number of neurones which subsequently differentiated in culture. Other cell types were not affected.4. The relationship between inhibition of neural differentiation and strophanthidin concentration was sigmoid, with maximum inhibition at 10-5 M-strophanthidin and the mid-point at 5 x 10-7 M-strophanthidin. 35 % of neurones differentiating in culture were not affected by glycoside treatment.5. The glycoside hexahydroscillaren A had no effect on neural differentiation. 6. Increasing extracellular potassium to 100 mm during strophanthidin treatment completely protected differentiating neurones from the inhibitory effect of strophanthidin.7. Treatment of embryos with 100 mM-KCl during neurulation had no effect on the subsequent differentiation of neurones.8. Treatment of cultures with an antibody to mouse salivary gland Nerve GrowthFactor reduced the number of neurones by 30 %.9. Exposure to strophanthidin while the embryo moved from the early neural fold stage to the late neural fold stage was as effective in reducing subsequent neural differentiation as treatment throughout neurulation.10. The proportion of nerve cells in the cultures was not affected if strophanthidin treatment ended before the early neural fold stage or did not begin until the late neural fold stage.11. Embryos treated with strophanthidin during neurulation and then allowed to grow into tadpoles developed abnormal nervous systems. 10-6 M-strophanthidin had little effect on the volume of grey matter, but reduced the white matter by 50%.

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 79%

The function of the sodium pump during differentiation of amphibian embryonic neurones.

Messenger¹,

Warner²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Holtfreter, 1939Holtfreter, , 1947Curtis, 1961Curtis, , 1962; Abercrombie and Ambrose, 1962;Abercrombie, 1964;DeHaan, 1964;DeHaan and Ebert, 1964;Saxen ef a!., 1965).…”

Section: S a X~n A N D Wartiovaaramentioning

confidence: 95%

Cell contact and cell adhesion during tissue organization

Saxén

Wartiovaara

1966

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Townes and Holtfreter (1955) demonstrated in their classic experiments that in two disaggregated embryonic tissues subsequently cultivated as a mixed reaggregate, not only did like cells adhere to each other, but these populations also tended to " sort out ". On prolonged culture of such reaggregated tissue masses, the final product may bear a close resemblance to the original donor tissue, and the different cell populations acquire a sequence which corresponds to that of the normal embryonic tissue (cf. Moscona

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“…The action of trypsin (100 ,gg/ml, 370C, 3 hr, pH 7.2) was terminated after incubation with the Triton-solubilized lectin by the addition of excess soybean trypsin inhibitor (1 mg/ml). Addition of deoxyribonuclease I (200 ,ug/ml) to the assay system had no effect on the hemagglutination activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those portions of the cell surface facing the outside of the embryo (apical surface) are nonadhesive, whereas lateral and basal portions of the plasma membrane are adhesive to other cells. These adhesive differences are maintained even on cultured dissociated cells (1)(2)(3)(4). The original apical and lateral cell surfaces of animal hemisphere superficial cells can be distinguished on dissociated cells by the presence of abundant pigment granules, which underlie only the apical (nonadhesive) cell surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate-binding component of amphibian embryo cell surfaces: Restriction to surface regions capable of cell adhesion

Roberson

Armstrong

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Superficial cells from early amphibian embryos display regional specializations of their celF surfaces. That portion of the plasma membrane facing the perivitelline space (apical surface) is nonadhesive, whereas, in the same cell, the lateral and basal portions of the plasma membrane will adhere to other cells. These adhesive differences are maintained on single cells that have been dissociated from the intact embryo. Few formalinized sheep erythrocytes bound to the apical (nonadhesive) portion of the cell surface, whereas the lateral and basal (adhesive) portions bound large numbers of erythrocytes. Thus both the cell surface oligomannosyl-specific carbohydrate-binding component (detected by erythrocyte resetting) and cell surface mannose residues [detected by Con A binding (5, 11)] colocalize to those portions of the cell that are adhesive and are excluded from those portions that are nonadhesive. The correspondence of the distribution of the amphibian cell surface carbohydrate-binding component and the Con A receptors suggests that the Con A receptors could function as the endogenous receptors for the endogenous cell-surface lectin that has oligomannosyl specificity. The apparent restriction of the amphibian embryo lectin to only the adhesive surfaces of the superficial cell suggests that it could play a role in the adhesive interactions of these cells. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Observations on the migration, aggregation and phagocytosis of embryonic cells

Cited by 90 publications

References 40 publications

The function of the sodium pump during differentiation of amphibian embryonic neurones.

The function of the sodium pump during differentiation of amphibian embryonic neurones.

Cell contact and cell adhesion during tissue organization

Carbohydrate-binding component of amphibian embryo cell surfaces: Restriction to surface regions capable of cell adhesion

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