Observations of tidal variability on the New England shelf

Shearman, R. Kipp; Lentz, Steven J.

doi:10.1029/2003jc001972

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Exceptions are south of Cape Cod, where fewer particles can reach Nantucket Sound and Shoals, a region with strong and complex tidal currents (e.g. Shearman & Lentz 2004), and in Massachusetts Bay, where tidal current variability may enhance inward transport of particles into the bay and entrapment in its embayments. Application of a monthly mean velocity field leads to strong downstream advection, with only few particles entering and ending up in Cape Cod Bay and inshore Massachusetts Bay (Fig.…”

Section: Temporal Variability Of the Velocity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal modeling of fish early life stages: sensitivity with application to Atlantic cod in the western Gulf of Maine

Huret¹,

Runge²,

Chen³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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As an initial step in establishing mechanistic relationships between environmental variability and recruitment in Atlantic cod Gadhus morhua along the coast of the western Gulf of Maine, we assessed transport success of larvae from major spawning grounds to nursery areas with particle tracking using the unstructured grid model FVCOM (finite volume coastal ocean model). In coastal areas, dispersal of early planktonic life stages of fish and invertebrate species is highly dependent on the regional dynamics and its variability, which has to be captured by our models. With state-of-theart forcing for the year 1995, we evaluate the sensitivity of particle dispersal to the timing and location of spawning, the spatial and temporal resolution of the model, and the vertical mixing scheme. A 3 d frequency for the release of particles is necessary to capture the effect of the circulation variability into an averaged dispersal pattern of the spawning season. The analysis of sensitivity to model setup showed that a higher resolution mesh, tidal forcing, and current variability do not change the general pattern of connectivity, but do tend to increase within-site retention. Our results indicate strong downstream connectivity among spawning grounds and higher chances for successful transport from spawning areas closer to the coast. The model run for January egg release indicates 1 to 19% within-spawning ground retention of initial particles, which may be sufficient to sustain local populations. A systematic sensitivity analysis still needs to be conducted to determine the minimum mesh and forcing resolution that adequately resolves the complex dynamics of the western Gulf of Maine. Other sources of variability, i.e. large-scale upstream forcing and the biological environment, also need to be considered in future studies of the interannual variability in transport and survival of the early life stages of cod.

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Section: Temporal Variability Of the Velocity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal modeling of fish early life stages: sensitivity with application to Atlantic cod in the western Gulf of Maine

Huret¹,

Runge²,

Chen³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The tidal velocities at MVCO are dominated by the M 2 tide (the lunar semidiurnal tide, with period 12.42 hr), and are relatively large (Shearman and Lentz, 2004).…”

Section: Removing Tidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-shelf circulation and momentum and heat balances over the inner continental shelf near Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts

Fewings¹

2007

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The water circulation and evolution of water temperature over the inner continental shelf are investigated using observations of water velocity, temperature, density, and bottom pressure; surface gravity waves; wind stress; and heat flux between the ocean and atmosphere during 2001-2007. When waves are small, cross-shelf wind stress is the dominant mechanism driving cross-shelf circulation. The along-shelf wind stress does not drive a substantial crossshelf circulation. The response to a given wind stress is stronger in summer than winter. The cross-shelf transport in the surface layer during winter agrees with a two-dimensional, unstratified model. During large waves and onshore winds the crossshelf velocity is nearly vertically uniform, because the wind-and wave-driven shears cancel. During large waves and offshore winds the velocity is strongly vertically sheared because the wind-and wave-driven shears have the same sign.The subtidal, depth-average cross-shelf momentum balance is a combination of geostrophic balance and a coastal set-up and set-down balance driven by the crossshelf wind stress. The estimated wave radiation stress gradient is also large. The dominant along-shelf momentum balance is between the wind stress and pressure gradient, but the bottom stress, acceleration, Coriolis, Hasselmann wave stress, and nonlinear advection are not negligible. The fluctuating along-shelf pressure gradient is a local sea level response to wind forcing, not a remotely generated pressure gradient.In summer, the water is persistently cooled due to a mean upwelling circulation. The cross-shelf heat flux nearly balances the strong surface heating throughout midsummer, so the water temperature is almost constant. The along-shelf heat flux divergence is apparently small. In winter, the change in water temperature is closer to that expected due to the surface cooling. Heat transport due to surface gravity waves is substantial.Thesis Supervisor:

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“…When the tide changes to flood, these internal waves propagate toward shore as the internal tide (Haury et al 1979, Shearman & Lentz 2004. The internal tide takes the form of large internal waves and bores, which are common along all continental shelves (Chereskin 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onshore transport of plankton by internal tides and upwelling-relaxation events

Shanks¹,

Morgan²,

MacMahan³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Identifying biophysical mechanisms of larval transport is essential to understanding the delivery of larvae to adult habitats. In addition, harmful algal blooms (HABs) can be transported onshore from populations that form offshore. In summer 2011, we measured sea surface and bottom temperatures and daily phytoplankton abundance and intertidal cyprid (barnacle post larvae) settlement at Carmel River State Beach, California, USA. Using time-series analysis, we compared the abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and daily cyprid settlement to physical forcing mechanisms (e.g. internal tides and upwelling-relaxation events) that could generate onshore delivery. Minimum bottom water temperature was significantly cross-correlated with the spring−neap tidal cycle; minimum temperatures occurred between neap and spring tides, and maximum temperatures were recorded around neap tides. When the temperature data were transformed to remove the relationship between tides and temperature, we found significantly higher maximum sea surface temperatures during upwelling-relaxation events. We observed 4 pulses in Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. chains were longest at the start of pulses and then decreased, suggesting that they had been transported to shore from a more productive site offshore, likely the upwelling front. Pulses occurred during periods of maximum sea surface temperature associated with upwelling-relaxation events. In contrast, cyprid settlement was significantly cross-correlated with the spring−neap tidal cycle, with settlement peaks occurring during fortnightly periods of cold bottom temperatures; onshore transport of cyprids appears to have been due to the internal tides.

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Observations of tidal variability on the New England shelf

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Dispersal modeling of fish early life stages: sensitivity with application to Atlantic cod in the western Gulf of Maine

Dispersal modeling of fish early life stages: sensitivity with application to Atlantic cod in the western Gulf of Maine

Cross-shelf circulation and momentum and heat balances over the inner continental shelf near Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts

Onshore transport of plankton by internal tides and upwelling-relaxation events

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