Observations of the flowering and fructification of the groundnut, Arachis hypogaea.

Bolhuis, G.G.

doi:10.18174/njas.v6i1.17720

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The fruiting efficiency (pod/flower ratio) is very low in groundnut (Smith, 1954;Bolhuis, 1958;Sheshadri, 1962;Janamatti, 1979). Of the several causes for low fruiting efficiency, extended period of flowering, competition between early and lateformed flowers, time lag between two fruiting points, inter-and intra-nodal competition between reproductive parts and between vegetative and reproductive parts are the most important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of bunch groundnuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

1985

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Twenty-nine bunch groundnut genotypes were grown in the Kharif season 1980 and the summer season 1981 at Bangalore. Growth and yield analysis showed that the total dry-matter accumulation was low up to 30 days after sowing and increased linearly up to the 86th day in the Kharif and up to harvest in the summer season. There were significant differences between genotypes in leaf area indices (LAI), the leaf area duration (LAD) and LAD between pod initiation and harvest (LAD P ) in both the seasons. The mean LAI of genotypes did not vary much between the Kharif and the summer seasons up to the 66th day. However, during the later stages of growth the LAD was higher in the summer. The higher biological yield and productivity in the summer was attributed to the high LAD and LAD P during the later stages of crop growth. LAD and total dry-matter accumulation at harvest were significantly correlated both in the Kharif (r = 0-75) and the summer (r = 0-81).The mean total number of flowers over all 29 genotypes did not vary, but total number of pegs formed per plant differed significantly between genotypes in both the Kharif and summer seasons. The percentage of flowers which produced pegs was 72-2 in summer as against 51-2 in Kharif.The primary branches contributed 86'7 and 90-1 % to the total number of pods per plant in the Kharif and summer seasons respectively. The contribution of the first four nodes of primary branches was 85 % in both seasons. The number of fruiting points (nodes having mature pods) per plant, found to be the most important yield-determining component, showed significant variation amongst the genotypes in both the Kharif and summer seasons. In summer, length of mature-pod-bearing zone (MPBZ), number of nodes in MPBZ and number of kernels per plant were higher than in the Kharif season.It is suggested that selection and breeding should concentrate on improving LAD and LAD P , total dry matter per plant, more primary branches per plant, more pods in the distal nodes of primary branches and more fruiting points (nodes in MPBZ) per plant. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of bunch groundnuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

1985

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“…Nicholaides, Cox & Emery (1909) found that as air temperatures increased, flower production increased 2-3 days later. Smith (1950) and Bolhuis (1958) attributed the periodicity of flowering to internal rhythm in the plants and not to the effect of environment. In the present experiment when the groundnuts were irrigated, the air above the canopy cooled down and after 4 days there was a marked increase in flower production.…”

Section: Irrigation Frequency On Groundnuts 309mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of irrigation frequency on growth and yield of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) under arid conditions

Ishag¹

1982

J. Agric. Sci.

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A study was carried out for 2 years in the arid zone of the northern region of the Sudan to investigate the effects of watering intervals on flowering, growth, yield and yield components of three groundnut cultivars. The variation in air temperature prevailing above the canopy through frequent and extended watering intervals affected the periodicity of flowering. MH 383 gave the highest pod yield and it was drought tolerant compared with Ashford and Turkish cultivars. Pod losses were smaller with longer watering intervals. Number of pods per plant was the yield component most affected by watering. Leaf area index increased with frequent watering and reached a value of 5-8. Net assimilation rate decreased at first, but later increased with the pegging of gynophores.

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“…Flowering in peanuts is usually described in the literature as having a seasonal frequency curve similar to a normal frequency distribution (Bolhuis, 1958;Goldin and Har-Tzook, 1966;Smith, 1954 McCloud (1973) observed that in the high yielding Florunner cultivar, flowering did not continue throughout the growing season but only lasted for about 60 days. Cahaner and Ashri (1974) noted that peanut plants are characterized by indeterminate growth and continuous flowering.…”

Section: Plant Reproductive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peanut plants produce many more flowers than mature pods (Bolhuis, 1958;Smith, 1954;McCloud, 1973). Goldin and Har-Tzook (1966) reported flower numbers to range from 500 per plant to 300 per plant between different growing seasons.…”

Section: Plant Reproductive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ovaries, pegs, and pods which fail to reach maturity are not eliminated by abscission as in many legumes but remain attached to the plant and live until late in the growing season (Smith, 1954). The excess flowering, pegging, and pod production has been thought to reduce the potential yield of the peanut (Bolhuis, 1958;Smith, 1954).…”

Section: Plant Reproductive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield physiology of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) / by Robert Luther McGraw.

McGraw¹

1979

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Observations of the flowering and fructification of the groundnut, Arachis hypogaea.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Physiology of bunch groundnuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

Physiology of bunch groundnuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

The influence of irrigation frequency on growth and yield of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) under arid conditions

Yield physiology of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) / by Robert Luther McGraw.

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