Observations in the Ocean

Rudels, Bert; Anderson, Leif G.; Eriksson, Patrick; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Jones, E. P.; Melling, Humfrey; Prinsenberg, Simon; Schauer, Ursula; Yao, T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2027-5_4

Cited by 43 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…24): The vision, exploration and insights of Nansen (1902Nansen ( , 1906, Knudsen's relations (1900), the dynamic method introduced in oceanography by Sandström and Helland-Hansen (1903) and θ S analysis first employed by Helland-Hansen (1916). Concepts and ideas that focus on and are essential for, understanding the water mass transformations and transports taking place in the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic Ocean circulation and variability – advection and external forcing encounter constraints and local processes

Rudels

2012

Ocean Sci.

116

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Abstract. The first hydrographic data from the Arctic Ocean, the section from the Laptev Sea to the passage between Greenland and Svalbard obtained by Nansen on his drift with Fram 1893-1896, aptly illustrate the main features of Arctic Ocean oceanography and indicate possible processes active in transforming the water masses in the Arctic Ocean. Many, perhaps most, processes were identified already by Nansen, who put his mark on almost all subsequent research in the Arctic. Here we shall revisit some key questions and follow how our understanding has evolved from the early 20th century to present. What questions, if any, can now be regarded as solved and which remain still open? Five different but connected topics will be discussed: (1) The low salinity surface layer and the storage and export of freshwater. (2) The vertical heat transfer from the Atlantic water to sea ice and to the atmosphere. (3) The circulation and mixing of the two Atlantic inflow branches. (4) The formation and circulation of deep and bottom waters in the Arctic Ocean. (5) The exchanges through Fram Strait. Foci will be on the potential effects of increased freshwater input and reduced sea ice export on the freshwater storage and residence time in the Arctic Ocean, on the deep waters of the Makarov Basin, and on the circulation and relative importance of the two inflows, over the Barents Sea and through Fram Strait, for the distribution of heat in the intermediate layers of the Arctic Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic Ocean circulation and variability – advection and external forcing encounter constraints and local processes

Rudels

2012

Ocean Sci.

116

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“…We assigned water masses to most samples presented in this study and literature Nd data from the entire AM based on the classification of Rudels et al (2012;. This classification is based on constant θ-S end-member definitions and therefore does not take into account changes in the end-member properties, such as the warming of deep-water masses observed at…”

Section: Water Mass Classification Po* and N/p Methods And Nd-based mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also acknowledge Jutta Heinze (GEOMAR) for laboratory assistance and the editor Tina van de et al, 2008;Lacan and Jeandel, 2004a, b;Piepgras and Wasserburg, 1987;Porcelli et al, 2009;Werner et al, 2014;Zimmermann et al, 2009) Waters with σ θ > ~27.7 are classified based on the basis of constant θ-S end-member definitions (after Rudels et al, 2012; and for waters with σ θ < ~27.7 (confined to the NE Greenland Shelf and the upper water column above the Greenland continental margin), we applied a classification based on findings of Bignami and Hopkins (1997) and Budéus et al (1997 (Rudels et al, 2005).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean circulation and freshwater pathways in the Arctic Mediterranean based on a combined Nd isotope, REE and oxygen isotope section across Fram Strait

Laukert

Bauch

Hathorne

et al. 2017

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Please cite this article as: Laukert, G., Frank, M., Bauch, D., Hathorne, E.C., Rabe, B., von Appen, W-J., Wegner, C., Zieringer, M., Kassens, H., Ocean circulation and freshwater pathways in the Arctic Mediterranean based on a combined Nd isotope, REE and oxygen isotope section across Fram Strait, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2016), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.gca.2016.12.028 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Greenland freshwater of up to ~6 %. In addition to these observations, this study shows that the pronounced gradients in ε Nd signatures and REE characteristics in the upper water column provide a reliable basis for assessments of shallow hydrological changes within the AM.

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“…The East Greenland current (EGC) (Fig. 2) transports polar water, sea ice, and icebergs along the E Greenland margin (Rudels et al, 2012). The East Iceland current (EIC) branches from the main EGC and flows toward the N Iceland shelf where it comes in contact with the North Iceland Irminger current (NIIC), a northward flowing branch of the Irminger current (IC).…”

Section: The Oceanographic Climatic and Physical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal to millennial marine climate oscillations across the Denmark Strait (~ 66° N) over the last 2000 cal yr BP

Andrews

Jennings

2014

Clim. Past

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Abstract. In the area of Denmark Strait (∼ 66 • N), the two modes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) are expressed in changes of the northward flux of Atlantic water and the southward advection of polar water in the East Iceland current. Proxies from marine cores along an environmental gradient from extensive to little or no drift ice, capture low frequency variations over the last 2000 cal yr BP. Key proxies are the weight% of calcite, a measure of surface water stratification and nutrient supply, the weight% of quartz, a measure of drift ice transport, and grain size. Records from Nansen and Kangerlussuaq fjords show variable ice-rafted debris (IRD) records but have distinct mineralogy associated with differences in the fjord catchment bedrock. A comparison between cores on either side of the Denmark Strait (MD99-2322 and MD99-2269) show a remarkable millennial-scale similarity in the trends of the weight% of calcite with a trough reached during the Little Ice Age. However, the quartz records from these two sites are quite different. The calcite records from the Denmark Strait parallel the 2000 yr Arctic summer-temperature reconstructions; analysis of the detrended calcite and quartz data reveal significant multi-decadal-century periodicities superimposed on a major environmental shift occurring ca. 1450 AD.

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Observations in the Ocean

Cited by 43 publications

References 272 publications

Arctic Ocean circulation and variability – advection and external forcing encounter constraints and local processes

Arctic Ocean circulation and variability – advection and external forcing encounter constraints and local processes

Ocean circulation and freshwater pathways in the Arctic Mediterranean based on a combined Nd isotope, REE and oxygen isotope section across Fram Strait

Multidecadal to millennial marine climate oscillations across the Denmark Strait (~ 66° N) over the last 2000 cal yr BP

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