Observations in Five Japanese Homes

Pavenstedt, Eleanor

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61937-3

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted that physical separation at this age is a relatively rare occurrence in Japanese culture (Pavenstedt 1965); the behavior of the eight mothers should therefore not be considered typical. Eight of the JPN mothers attempted to leave the room without saying anything to the children, while two verbally prepared their children for the separation.…”

Section: Stage 5: Third Separation (Mother's Departure)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the SSOS Stage 5 (physical separation), the departure of JPN mothers from the room without any verbal explanation to their toddlers most likely relates to the fact that physical separation is a rare event in Japanese culture (Chen and Miyake 1984;Miyake, Chen, and Campos 1985;Nakagawa, Lamb, and Miyake 1989;Pavenstedt 1965). Their lack of familiarity with separations may have resulted in the JPN mothers' somewhat awkward and uncomfortable attempts at complying with the procedural request to leave the room.…”

Section: Cultural Values Of Individualism and Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight of the JPN mothers attempted to leave the room without saying anything to the children, while two verbally prepared their children for the separation. It should be noted that physical separation at this age is a relatively rare occurrence in Japanese culture (Pavenstedt 1965); the behavior of the eight mothers should therefore not be considered typical. The JPN toddlers were typically the most distressed by the physical separation, often crying inconsolably, unable to be engaged by the interviewer at all.…”

Section: Stage 4: Second Separation (Interview)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 The Asian self too comprises both, but its predominant mode of functioning is as an interdependent self. 15 Many studies have described the close and interdependent relationship that exists between mother and child in Asian cultures (Pavenstedt 1965;Lebra 1976;Caudill and Weinstein 1969;Caudill and Frost 1973;Chen and Miyake 1984;DeVos 1985;Doi 1973Doi , 1986Emde 1992;Hsu 1985;Johnson 1993;Nakagawa, Lamb, and Miyake 1989;Tang 1992). Under usual conditions of dyadic interaction, Asian toddlers do not experience the same degree of libidinal separation anxiety, since they experience fewer separations than CA toddlers do.…”

Section: Cultural Values Of Individualism and Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Appeal Cycle in Three Cultures: an Exploratory Comparison of Child Development

Okimoto

Settlage²,

Freed³

et al. 2001

J Am Psychoanal Assoc

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Mother-child behaviors were studied in three cultural groups: Caucasian American (CA), overseas Japanese (JPN), and Chinese Vietnamese (CVN) immigrants. The children were sixteen to twenty-five months old, and the appeal cycle, with its descriptive analytic method, was the research paradigm. Group differences were found in appeal cycle occurrence and phase frequencies. CA mothers promoted independence through encouragement of decision making and toddler-initiated play, and through nonintrusive interactions. Neither JPN nor CVN mothers encouraged independence. JPN mothers were subtly directive; CVN mothers overtly so. Generally, CA toddlers played independently, evincing a beginning capacity for self-regulation. JPN and CVN toddlers reacted to separation by staying close to their mothers, and fewer were observed to play independently than in the CA group. CVN toddlers played independently more frequently than JPN toddlers, but less frequently than CA toddlers. Quantitative measures of dyadic behaviors generally support the descriptive findings, though methodological constraints did not permit comparison of phase sequencing. The findings reflect cultural differences in child development thought to influence psychic structure formation.

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Section: Stage 5: Third Separation (Mother's Departure)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultural Values Of Individualism and Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stage 4: Second Separation (Interview)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultural Values Of Individualism and Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Appeal Cycle in Three Cultures: an Exploratory Comparison of Child Development

Okimoto

Settlage²,

Freed³

et al. 2001

J Am Psychoanal Assoc

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show abstract

“…Examples? A study of Japanese infants, seeming to defy Western notions of separation/individuation (Pavenstedt, 1965). A study of kibbutz children, questioning the idea of a critical period for mothering, a pillar of attachment theory (Eisenberg and Neubauer, 1965).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%