Observations during Al:Zr composite particle combustion in varied gas environments

Wainwright, Elliot R.; Schmauss, Travis Anthony; Lakshman, Shashank Vummidi; Overdeep, Kyle R.; Weihs, Timothy P.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.06.026

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The presence of Al, AlO, and MgO has been detected concurrently via spectroscopy in other work with Al/Zr and Al/Mg/Zr reactive composites burning in air (see Supplementary Materials, Figure S3); however, when it was attempted on the particles in the configuration described in Figure 8, the signal was poor owing to the aforementioned lack of particle dispersion from the crucible. The vapor in Figure 8 likely consists of Al and AlO, as has been observed in other experimental conditions [45].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Previous research on small quantities of ball milled Al:Zr particles has focused on studying their dual-phase combustion, which proceeds with Al vapor phase oxidation and Zr condensed state nitridation followed by Zr oxidation [16,44,45]. However, these studies lacked a measure of combustion efficiency, which is performed for the first time at small scales in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Heat Production from Burning Al/Zr and Al/Mg/Zr Composite Particles in a Custom Micro-Bomb Calorimeter

et al. 2020

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Al:Zr, Al-8Mg:Zr, and Al-38Mg:Zr nanocomposite particles fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and ball milling were reacted in 1 atm of pure O2 within a custom, highly-sensitive micro-bomb calorimeter. The heats of combustion were compared to examine the effect of particle size and composition on combustion efficiency under room temperature and in a fixed volume. All particles yielded ~60–70% of their theoretical maximum heat of combustion and exhibited an increase in heat over composite thin films of similar compositions, which is attributed to an increase in the surface area to volume ratio. The effect of particle size and geometry are mitigated owing to the sintering of the particles within the crucible, implying the importance of particle dispersion for enhanced performance. Vaporization of the metal species may transition between two diffusion flame species (Mg to Al). As Mg content is increased, more vaporization may occur at lower temperatures, leading to an additional stage of sintering. Physically intermixed Al and Mg oxides have been observed coating the surface of the particles, which implies a continuous transition of these vaporization processes. Such nano-oxides imply high vapor-flame combustion temperatures (>2700 K) and suggest viability for agent defeat applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Heat Production from Burning Al/Zr and Al/Mg/Zr Composite Particles in a Custom Micro-Bomb Calorimeter

et al. 2020

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“…It is worthy noted that gaseous emission can be observed before microexplosion. This interesting phenomenon might be due to the disparity in boiling points of elements in binary alloy containing the eutectic composition or caused by the presence of N 2 by serving as a source of rapid bubble formation and growth . Generally, multiple microexplosions will be beneficial to increase the combustion efficiency of metal fuels within a rocket motor and decrease the two‐phase flow losses .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another one of efficient methods to be concerned with improving the ignition and combustion performance of aluminum is to introduce complementary metal into it to form binary alloys such as aluminum‐magnesium (Al−Mg) , aluminum‐titanium (Al−Ti) , aluminum‐zirconium (Al−Zr) or aluminum‐lithium (Al−Li) , etc., through eliminating the dense alumina film and inducing boiling and microexplosion. Among these metals, magnesium has also been widely used as a high energy density additive in propellants, pyrotechnics, and explosives, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Ignition and Combustion of Al−Mg Alloy Powder Prepared by Melt Atomization

Yang

Hou

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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To improve the ignition and combustion performance of aluminum, complementary metal is introduced into it to form binary alloy like AlÀ Mg, AlÀ Ti, AlÀ Zr and AlÀ Li. This paper mainly investigated the preparation, characterization, ignition, and combustion characteristics of AlÀ Mg alloy powder. Melt atomization technique was used to produce the spherical AlÀ Mg alloy powder containing 20 % mass content of Mg composition. The crystalline structure, morphology, element distribution, and thermal performance were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, and TG-DSC. Results show that the AlÀ Mg alloy had intermetallic phases of Al 12 Mg 17 and Al 3 Mg 2 , uniform element distribution , and no dense oxide shell at the surface. The laserinduced ignition and combustion characteristics of AlÀ Mg alloy powder were investigated by microscopic high-speed cinematography, photoelectric detection, and infrared thermal imaging methods. It is testified that AlÀ Mg alloy powder took intermetallic phase decomposition, then followed the two-stage combustion mode, and demonstrated gaseous emission and multiple microexplosion behavior during combustion. The ignition delay and ignition temperature were measured at elevated laser ignition power density. It is found that the temperature rise rate had a significant effect on the ignition delay.

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“…Regarding the combustion behaviors of metal, a particle is a particle microexplosion. Microexplosion has been studied on single-particle combustion of Al-Mg [9], Al-Zr wire alloy combustion [10], and combustion of a pure metal particle of Ti and Zr [11,12]. Wainwright et al [13] used X-Ray phase contrast imaging and a high-speed camera to observe internal bubbling and particle microexplosion of ball mixed Al: Zr particle in the wire combustion under various conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of CO on micro-explosion of iron particle in methane-air premixed flames

Purwanto

Zhuang

2021

ICLASS

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When aluminum is mixed with zirconium, aluminum would evaporate and oxidize with oxygen. Alumina would attach with zirconium. Nitrogen and oxygen would dissolve into zirconium particles and form bubbles. Then, bubbles would grow gradually due to nucleation. However, the severe growth rate of bubbles led to micro-explosion phenomena. It is a so-called particle microexplosion for Al-Zr hybrid metal combustion. In the previous study, an iron-coal mixture was delivered to methane-air premixed flames, and an exciting particle microexplosion phenomenon was observed during this experiment. In our proposed speculation, the presence of CO may dissolve in iron particles and produce bubbles. A portion of CO bubbles may react with iron and yield iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5).Consequently, the merged bubbles would gradually increase their inner pressure, and meantime combustible mixture of iron carbonyl and oxygen may induce the microexplosion. To elucidate the role of CO in the microexplosion mechanism, a hybrid iron-methane air premixed flame diluted with different concentrations of CO was used to observe the mechanism of particle microexplosion. The particle concentration varied from 0 -350 g/m 3 . Therefore, it conjectures that CO was dissolved into iron particles, giving rise to expanding the volume of a metal particle and inducing microexplosion.

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Observations during Al:Zr composite particle combustion in varied gas environments

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Measuring Heat Production from Burning Al/Zr and Al/Mg/Zr Composite Particles in a Custom Micro-Bomb Calorimeter

Measuring Heat Production from Burning Al/Zr and Al/Mg/Zr Composite Particles in a Custom Micro-Bomb Calorimeter

Laser‐Induced Ignition and Combustion of Al−Mg Alloy Powder Prepared by Melt Atomization

The role of CO on micro-explosion of iron particle in methane-air premixed flames

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