“…Clouds often prevent the sensor from seeing fires and reduce the amount of active fire observations (Giglio et al, 2003;Prins & Menzel, 1992;Roberts et al, 2005). Generally, the frequency of cloud occurrence in diurnal patterns is over 50% in both summer and winter across CONUS (Schreiner et al, 2001), which is partially responsible for the missed detections of fires, particularly in the observations of diurnal patterns. Furthermore, satellite detection of active fire is also impacted by heavy fire smokes, hot and reflective surfaces, and weakly emitting fire pixels (Roberts et al, 2005).…”