Observations and modeling of the 1991–1992 El Niño signal off central California

Nutrient variability during El Niño 1997–98 in the California current system off central California

“…8) clearly show a region of strong equatorward and onshore currents, expected from the westward propagation of a Rossby wave and the onshore shift in the California Current. Conditions during the spring 1998 were very similar to those reported for the 1982-3 and 1991-2 El Niño events (Simpson, 1983(Simpson, , 1984a(Simpson, , 1984b(Simpson, , 1992Huyer & Smith, 1985;Rienecker & Mooers, 1986;Chavez, 1996;Ramp, McClean, Collins, Semtner, & Hays, 1997). The striking difference was a rise of the thermocline in the nearshore (Fig.…”

Biological and chemical consequences of the 1997–1998 El Niño in central California waters

“…The onset of the 1992 El Niño occurred in the spring (Fig. 14) (Chavez, 1995;Ramp, McClean, Collins, Semtner,& Hays, 1997). The strongest positive temperature anomalies were observed during 1992 with weaker, intermittent anomalies persisting through 1993.…”

Final report on CHAMMP-supported research (9/1/94 - 2/28/98): Scientific development of a massively parallel ocean climate model

“…Robin Tokmakian and Julie McClean conducted comparisons with TOPEX altimeter data, WOCE hydrography, surface drifter data, and low frequency tidal records. These can be found in , Tokmakian (1996), Ramp et al (1997), , McClean and Semtner (1996), and Gordon and McClean (1997). The papers demonstrate that ocean models can now reproduce the detailed time variations that are observed, as well as depicting eddy effects and boundary transports at their observed length scales and with magnitudes only slightly smaller than observed.…”