Observations and Analyses of Sediment-Laden Sea Ice

Fram Strait sea-ice sediment provinces based on silt and clay compositions identify Siberian Kara and Laptev seas as main source regions

“…Minimum concentrations of Arctic SIS are generally a few mg per litre, whereas turbid sea ice mostly contains about 50-500 mg l reaching 1000 to over 3000 mg l -1 (Osterkamp & Gosink 1984;Larssen et al 1987;Kempema et al 1988;Reimnitz et al 1993;Stierle & Eicken 2002). Arctic SIS mostly consists of silt and clay; sand-sized particles are rare.…”

Flume studies and field observations of the interaction of frazil ice and anchor ice with sediments

“…Seven of these call for some type of frazil or anchor-ice process to incorporate sediment into the ice cover. The proposed methods are untested, however, and Osterkamp and Gosink (1984) presented no observations (other than the observed sediment in the ice cover) to support any of their methods of sediment entrainment.…”

“…Sediment concentrations measured in the ice ranged up to 1600 mg/1, 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than sediment concentrations normally found in coastal waters. Osterkamp and Gosink (1984) also studied sediment-laden ice in the Beaufort Sea. They measured sediment concentrations in the ice of up to 1290 mg/1.…”

Studies of sediment transport by Beaufort Gyre pack ice, 1992; sediment, ice, & water data

“…Thirdly, the effect of the sediment on visible wavelength sprectral signals and the ice albedo. Related to the Beaufort Gyre, the first two questions have been addressed recently by Barnes et al (1982), Osterkamp and Gosink, (1984), Kempema et al (1986;1989;, Reimnitz et al (1987;1992; in press:a; in press:b), Reimnitz and Kempema, (1987), and Clayton et al (1990). The effect of sediment on the albedo will be the subject of future publications.…”