Observational signatures of gamma-rays from bright blazars and wakefield theory

Abstract

Gamma-ray observations have revealed strong variability in blazar luminosities in the gamma-ray band over time scales as short as minutes. We show, for the first time, that the correlation of the spectrum with intensity is consistent with the behavior of the luminosity variation of blazar SEDs along a blazar sequence for low synchrotron peak blazars. We show that the observational signatures of variability with flux are consistent with wakefield acceleration of electrons initiated by instabilities in the blazar accretion disk. This mechanism reproduces the observed time variations as short as 100 seconds. The wakefield mechanism also predicts a reduction of the electron spectral index with increased gamma-ray luminosity, which could be detected in higher energy observations well above the inverse Compton peak.

Wakefield acceleration

“…(86) on When such strong acceleration occurs, the energy spectrum f (W) of the charged particles has a power law function of the exponent − 2 (Mima et al 1991;Chen et al 2002), in other words, f (W) = A W∕W min −2 . This assumption in electron spectrum is consistent with the typical blazer SED (spectrum energy distribution) and variability (Canac et al 2019). Given the energy efficiency, , of charged-particle acceleration,…”

“…This way, the frontier of wakefield acceleration and frontier of cosmic ray physics and astronomy are now joined. This wakefield acceleration turn out not only to be observational correspondences (Canac et al 2019), but also to provide a solution to the crisis to explain astrophysical cosmic rays beyond 10 19 eV, which may not be able to be explained, as the prevailing theory of the Fermi acceleration (1954) has a difficulty of the energy loss due to the synchrotron radiation (Jackson 1998).…”

Astrophysical wake acceleration driven by relativistic Alfvenic pulse emitted from bursting accretion disk

“…This assumption in electron spectrum is consistent with the typical blazer SED (spectrum energy distribution) and variability [42]. Given the energy efficiency, 𝜅𝜅, of charged-particle acceleration, including the conversion of Alfven wave into electromagnetic waves, the total cosmic ray luminosity, 𝐿𝐿 TCR , is given by:…”

“…The electrons interact with the local magnetic field to emit synchrotron photons, which collide with the electrons to form an inverse Compton peak. That produces, a typical double-peak spectrum of the synchrotron self-Compton emission process [42]. In addition, they have found that the spectral index of 100 GeV gamma rays and the high degree of inverse correlation seen in many Blazars can be explained.…”

Wakefield Acceleration in a Jet from a Neutrino Driven Accretion Flow around a Black Hole

“…However, the neutrino pair-annihilation is not the only mechanism for extracting the energy from the NDAF disks and, more importantly, MHD processes other than the BZ mechanism may play an important role. For example, the presence of magnetic fields in the NDAF disks could also explain repeatable short-duration variability in long GRBs in the same manner as strong variability of gamma-rays in blazers (Canac et al 2020). Another point of the supporting evidence of the magnetic fields in the accretion disk and its jets triggering electron acceleration may be seen in the NS -NS collision triggered gamma-ray burst emission (Abbott et al 2017), which accompanied simultaneous gravitational wave emission.…”