Observational Learning of Ballet Sequences: The Role of Kinematic Information

Gray, Jacquelyn T.; Neisser, Ulric; Shapiro, Beth; Kouns, Stephenie

doi:10.1207/s15326969eco0302_4

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This supramodal representational system is thought to match visual information with proprioceptive information. The AIM theory is in line with the recently common view that, in imitation, perception and action are coupled by a direct perceptual-motor mapping (see, for example, Butterworth 1990;Gray et al 1991). In addition, AIM is the only theory, so far, that addresses the processes that allow the transfer of perceived actions into motor programmes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Action generation and action perception in imitation: an instance of the ideomotor principle

Wohlschläger

Gattis

Bekkering

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

271

261

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We review a series of behavioural experiments on imitation in children and adults that test the predictions of a new theory of imitation. Most of the recent theories of imitation assume a direct visual-to-motor mapping between perceived and imitated movements. Based on our findings of systematic errors in imitation, the new theory of goal-directed imitation (GOADI) instead assumes that imitation is guided by cognitively specified goals. According to GOADI, the imitator does not imitate the observed movement as a whole, but rather decomposes it into its separate aspects. These aspects are hierarchically ordered, and the highest aspect becomes the imitator's main goal. Other aspects become sub-goals. In accordance with the ideomotor principle, the main goal activates the motor programme that is most strongly associated with the achievement of that goal. When executed, this motor programme sometimes matches, and sometimes does not, the model's movement. However, the main goal extracted from the model movement is almost always imitated correctly.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Action generation and action perception in imitation: an instance of the ideomotor principle

Wohlschläger

Gattis

Bekkering

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

271

261

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show abstract

“…At a motor representational level, this spontaneous leaning performance pattern in an OBT-like manner may be compatible with the "active intermodal matching model" Moore, 1997, 2002) assuming that observed movements are reproduced by the corresponding anatomical body parts (for instance, raising one's own right arm while a facing individual is raising his right arm) via "the representation of both actions within a single representational framework of organs relations" (Chiavarino et al, 2007). In contrast, the distinct leaning performance in the MIR task is rather compatible with the perceptual-motor mapping model (Butterworth, 1990;Gray et al, 1991;Wohlschläger et al, 2003) according to which perceiving an action activates automatically the observer's corresponding motor program by the activation of a common representational coding so that one's own movements visually match the model's movements [for instance, raising one's own left arm while a facing individual is raising his right arm (Wohlschläger et al, 2003)]. …”

Section: Behavioral Datasupporting

confidence: 63%

Mental Imagery of Self-Location during Spontaneous and Active Self–Other Interactions: An Electrical Neuroimaging Study

Thirioux¹,

Mercier²,

Jorland³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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Substantial data from the cognitive neurosciences point to the importance of bodily processing for the development of a comprehensive theory of the self. A key aspect of the bodily self is self-location, the experience that the self is localized at a specific position in space within one's bodily borders (embodied self-location). Although the neural mechanisms of self-location have been studied by manipulating the spatial location of one's visual perspective during mental imagery, such experiments were conducted in constrained, explicit, and unecological contexts such as explicit instructions in a prone/seated position, although most human interactions occur spontaneously while standing/walking. Using a motor paradigm, we investigated the behavioral and neural mechanisms of spontaneous self-location and mental body transformations during active human interaction. Using own-body imagery using spontaneous and explicit changes in self-location in standing participants, we report that spontaneous interactions with an avatar are neurally indistinguishable from explicit own-body transformation with disembodied self-location but differ from explicit own-body transformation with embodied self-location at 400 -600 ms after stimulus onset. We discuss these findings with respect to the neural mechanisms of perspective-taking and selflocation in spontaneous human interaction.

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“…Jeannerod (1994) proposes that the neurons responsible for building up a motor image of an act are the same neurons which will later activate during movement planning. Other recent empirical and theoretical work also emphasizes direct perceptual-motor coupling in imitation (Gray, Neisser, Shapiro & Kouns, 1991;Vogt, 1995;Butterworth, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s coding of human action: cognitive factors influencing imitaation in 3‐year‐old

Gleißner¹,

Meltzoff

Bekkering³

2000

Developmental Science

141

116

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We used imitation as a tool for investigating how young children code action. The study was designed to examine the errors children make in re-enacting manual gestures they see. Thirty-two 3-year-old children served as subjects. Each child was shown 24 gestures, generated by systematically crossing four factors: visual monitoring, spatial endpoint, movement path, and number of hands. The results showed no difference as a function of whether the children could visually monitor their own responses. Interestingly, children made significantly more errors when the adult's action terminated on a body part than they did when the same movement terminated near the body part. There were also significantly more errors when the demonstrated act involved crossing midline than when it did not, and more errors when it involved one hand rather than two hands. Our hypothesis is that human acts are coded in terms of goals. The goals are hierarchically organized, and because young children have difficulty simultaneously integrating multiple goals into one act they often re-enact the goals that are ranked higher, which leads to the errors observed. We argue that imitation is an active reconstruction of perceived events and taps cognitive processing. We suggest that the goal-based imitation in 3-year-olds is a natural developmental outgrowth of the perceptual-motor mapping and goal-directed coding of human acts found in infancy.Imitation depends on the perception and coding of actions. In this paper we use imitation as a tool to investigate how young children code the actions they see others perform. We are as interested in the errors children make in attempting to re-enact actions as we are in their correct copying. Our starting assumption is that imitation is an active reconstruction of an observed event. We sought to uncover factors that facilitate and dampen imitative accuracy with an eye towards specifying the perceptual-motor and cognitive factors involved in imitation.Early work on the brain and cognitive mechanisms in imitation was conducted by Head (1920Head ( , 1926. He used adult patients with brain lesions (caused by gunshot wounds) and tested their ability to duplicate simple gestures such as touching the ear with the hand on the same side as or the opposite side of the body to the ear (ipsilateral and contralateral

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Observational Learning of Ballet Sequences: The Role of Kinematic Information

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Action generation and action perception in imitation: an instance of the ideomotor principle

Action generation and action perception in imitation: an instance of the ideomotor principle

Mental Imagery of Self-Location during Spontaneous and Active Self–Other Interactions: An Electrical Neuroimaging Study

Children’s coding of human action: cognitive factors influencing imitaation in 3‐year‐old

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