Observation of tongue papillae by video microscopy and contact endoscopy to investigate their correlation with taste function

Effects of smoking on taste: Assessment with contact endoscopy and taste strips

“…The digital images obtained were evaluated in an IBM‐compatible working station for the number of fungiform papillae, the morphology of fungiform and filiform papillae, and general morphology and density of the subepithelial capillary vessels of the fungiform papillae. Subepithelial vessels according to their tortuosity were divided in five types with a classification used by Negoro et al7 One investigator performed all the endoscopies and another investigator blinded to recordings performed the data analyses.…”

Comparison of a saliva wetness tester and a moisture‐checking device in patients with maxillary obturator prostheses

“…Contrary to our hypothesis, the diagnostic results of the saliva wetness tester were in agreement with those of the moisture-checking device. The surface of the tongue has a minute unevenness because of the lingual papillae 17 . The width and thickness of the saliva wetness tester used in this study are about 5 and 0.2 mm, respectively.…”

New method for determining surface roughness of tongue

“…Although the degree of atrophy of the lingual papillae can be observed with microscopy and dermoscopy 2,6–11 , subjective diagnosis lacks objective factors, because of difficulties in precisely describing the surface structure of oral lesions 13 . In the present study, quantitative differences in lingual surface roughness values between healthy controls and elderly subjects divided into Normal, Smooth and Rough groups were investigated.…”

“…Atrophic, geographic and fissured tongue conditions each have unique histomorphological features that differ from the histological features of a normal appearing tongue 5 . However, histological diagnosis based only on visual images seen through a microscope is subjective 2,6–11 , whereas objective superficial findings of the macroscopic structure are some of the most important factors for clinical diagnosis and observation of the clinical course 12 . In addition, subjective diagnosis seems to have a low level of accuracy, because it is difficult to precisely describe the surface structures of oral lesions 13 .…”