Observation of Second Sound in Bismuth

Narayanamurti, V.; Dynes, R. C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.28.1461

Cited by 320 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…The group velocity, which largely depends on phonon frequency, can cause a significant broadening in a ballistic heat pulse. To take account of this effect, we suppose an experiment for observing second sound, similar to the past experiments for threedimensional materials 4,9,45,47 . Suppose we have a rectangular shape graphene sheet with a point heat source at the left edge and a point thermal sensor at the right edge, as illustrated in the inset of Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic phonon transport in suspended graphene

et al. 2015

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Recent studies of thermal transport in nanomaterials have demonstrated the breakdown of Fourier's law through observations of ballistic transport. Despite its unique features, another instance of the breakdown of Fourier's law, hydrodynamic phonon transport, has drawn less attention because it has been observed only at extremely low temperatures and narrow temperature ranges in bulk materials. Here, we predict on the basis of first-principles calculations that the hydrodynamic phonon transport can occur in suspended graphene at significantly higher temperatures and wider temperature ranges than in bulk materials. The hydrodynamic transport is demonstrated through drift motion of phonons, phonon Poiseuille flow and second sound. The significant hydrodynamic phonon transport in graphene is associated with graphene's two-dimensional features. This work opens a new avenue for understanding and manipulating heat flow in two-dimensional materials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic phonon transport in suspended graphene

et al. 2015

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“…This equation models the phenomenon of the second sound, first observed in liquid helium [81]. With the development of the second sound theoretical background [77], it was then later detected also in solid crystals [82][83][84][85]. In the relevant tests heat flash technology [79] was used for the sensitive measurement of the thermal diffusivity.…”

Section: Operational Solution Of the Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Approach and Solutions of Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Equations

Zhukovsky

2016

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Abstract:We studied physical problems related to heat transport and the corresponding differential equations, which describe a wider range of physical processes. The operational method was employed to construct particular solutions for them. Inverse differential operators and operational exponent as well as operational definitions and operational rules for generalized orthogonal polynomials were used together with integral transforms and special functions. Examples of an electric charge in a constant electric field passing under a potential barrier and of heat diffusion were compared and explored in two dimensions. Non-Fourier heat propagation models were studied and compared with each other and with Fourier heat transfer. Exact analytical solutions for the hyperbolic heat equation and for its extensions were explored. The exact analytical solution for the Guyer-Krumhansl type heat equation was derived. Using the latter, the heat surge propagation and relaxation was studied for the Guyer-Krumhansl heat transport model, for the Cattaneo and for the Fourier models. The comparison between them was drawn. Space-time propagation of a power-exponential function and of a periodic signal, obeying the Fourier law, the hyperbolic heat equation and its extended Guyer-Krumhansl form were studied by the operational technique. The role of various terms in the equations was explored and their influence on the solutions demonstrated. The accordance of the solutions with maximum principle is discussed. The application of our theoretical study for heat propagation in thin films is considered. The examples of the relaxation of the initial laser flash, the wide heat spot, and the harmonic function are considered and solved analytically.

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“…The derivation of a dissipative extension of the Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte equation from kinetic theory, the Guyer-Krumhansl equation [22], provided the "window condition", where dissipation is minimal. A careful preparation of crystals with particular properties resulted in observation of second sound in solid 3 He, 4 He, NaF and Bi crystals [24][25][26][27]. In some experiments second sound and ballistic propagation -heat pulses propagating with the speed of sound -were observed together [28].…”

Section: Low Temperature Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%