Observation of Nonlinear Optical Interactions of Ultralow Levels of Light in a Tapered Optical Nanofiber Embedded in a Hot Rubidium Vapor

Spillane, S. M.; Pati, G. S.; Salit, K.; Hall, Matthew; Kumar, Prem; Beausoleil, Raymond G.; Shahriar, M. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.233602

Cited by 134 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 Small optical mode area in nanofiber-based photonic structures plays a significant role allowing low-light level quantum optical phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency in the nanowatt regime, 2,3 four wave mixing with great gain, 4 and two-photon absorption with sharp peaks in the Rubidium vapor. 5 Ultrasmall optical mode volume in plasmon nanostructures 6 leads to strong coupling between surface plasmons and quantum emitters, which enables the vacuum Rabi splitting, 7,8 the Fano lineshapes in the absorption spectrum, 9−12 and its obvious influence on the two-photon statistics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface-Plasmon-Induced Modification on the Spontaneous Emission Spectrum via Subwavelength-Confined Anisotropic Purcell Factor

Wang

Ren

et al. 2012

Nano Lett.

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The mechanism of using the anisotropic Purcell factor to control the spontaneous emission linewidths in a four-level atom is theoretically demonstrated; if the polarization angle bisector of the two dipole moments lies along the axis of large/small Purcell factor, destructive/constructive interference narrows/widens the fluorescence center spectral lines. Large anisotropy of the Purcell factor, confined in the subwavelength optical mode volume, leads to rapid spectral line narrowing of atom approaching a metallic nanowire, nanoscale line width pulsing following periodically varying decay rates near a periodic metallic nanostructure, and dramatic modification on the spontaneous emission spectrum near a custom-designed resonant plasmon nanostructure. The combined system opens a good perspective for applications in ultracompact active quantum devices. KEYWORDS: Surface plasmon, spontaneous emission, Purcell factor, quantum emitter, quantum interference R ecent developments in nanotechnology and information technologies have made nanoscale light-matter interaction a tremendous research focus. 1 Small optical mode area in nanofiber-based photonic structures plays a significant role allowing low-light level quantum optical phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency in the nanowatt regime, 2,3 four wave mixing with great gain, 4 and two-photon absorption with sharp peaks in the Rubidium vapor. 5 Ultrasmall optical mode volume in plasmon nanostructures 6 leads to strong coupling between surface plasmons and quantum emitters, which enables the vacuum Rabi splitting, 7,8 the Fano lineshapes in the absorption spectrum, 9−12 and its obvious influence on the two-photon statistics. 13 Superior to many available photonic nanostructures, associated with ultrasmall optical mode volume, 6 plasmonic structures present the key advantage of a large subwavelengthconfined anisotropic vacuum, that is, large anisotropic Purcell factor, 14,15 which originates from an anisotropic electric mode density of collective oscillations of free electrons in metals. 16−19 Another advantage is strong evanescent field of metallic nanostructures, which has promoted many applications, for example, SERS, 20 nanometer biosensors and waveguides, 21 nonlinear optical frequency mixing, 22−24 solar cell, 25,26 and so forth. Through modifying the population of excited states and decay rate of quantum emitters near plasmon structure, the fluorescence enhancement and quenching of fluorescent molecules and semiconductor quantum dots can be controlled well. 27−32 By confining the light into nanoscale volumes, plasmonic elements allow for a nanoscale realization of Mollow triplet of emission spectra and antibunching of emission photons of single molecules that traditional technique can not be accessible. 1,33,34 Through the nanoscale coupling between the surface plasmon modes and single quantum emitter, the directional and efficiency generation of single photons 17−19 and entanglement of two qubits 35 were proposed. These advantages, t...

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confidence: 99%

Surface-Plasmon-Induced Modification on the Spontaneous Emission Spectrum via Subwavelength-Confined Anisotropic Purcell Factor

Wang

Ren

et al. 2012

Nano Lett.

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“…With notable progress towards generating strong optical nonlinearities at the few-photon level, for example with atoms coupled to small-mode-volume optical devices [17][18][19][20][21][22], Rydberg polaritons [23,24], and circuit-QED devices [25][26][27][28], this situation is rapidly changing. The production of strongly interacting, driven and dissipative gases of photons appears to be feasible [29,30], and affords exciting opportunities to explore the properties of open quantum systems in unique contexts, while studying the applicability of theoretical treatments designed with more weakly interacting systems in mind.…”

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confidence: 99%

Collective phases of strongly interacting cavity photons

Wilson

Mahmud

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. A

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We study a coupled array of coherently driven photonic cavities, which maps onto a drivendissipative XY spin-1 2 model with ferromagnetic couplings in the limit of strong optical nonlinearities. Using a site-decoupled mean-field approximation, we identify steady state phases with canted antiferromagnetic order, in addition to limit cycle phases, where oscillatory dynamics persist indefinitely. We also identify collective bistable phases, where the system supports two steady states among spatially uniform, antiferromagnetic, and limit cycle phases. We compare these mean-field results to exact quantum trajectories simulations for finite one-dimensional arrays. The exact results exhibit short-range antiferromagnetic order for parameters that have significant overlap with the mean-field phase diagram. In the mean-field bistable regime, the exact quantum dynamics exhibits real-time collective switching between macroscopically distinguishable states. We present a clear physical picture for this dynamics, and establish a simple relationship between the switching times and properties of the quantum Liouvillian.Despite numerous outstanding questions, the study of quantum many-body systems in thermal equilibrium is on relatively solid ground. In particular, very general guiding principles help to categorize the possible equilibrium phases of matter, and predict in what situations they can occur [1][2][3]. In comparison, quantum manybody systems that are far from equilibrium are less thoroughly understood, motivating a large scale effort to explore non-equilibrium dynamics experimentally, in particular using atoms, molecules, and photons [4][5][6][7][8][9]. At the same time, it has become clear that studying nonequilibrium physics in these systems is often more natural than studying equilibrium physics; they are, in general, intrinsically non-equilibrium. For example, thermal equilibrium is essentially never a reasonable assumption in photonic systems, where dissipation must be countered by active pumping [10]. Indeed, the inadequacy of equilibrium descriptions for photonic systems has long been recognized [11], even though close analogies to thermal systems sometimes exist [12][13][14][15][16].Until recently, photonic systems have been restricted to a weakly interacting regime. With notable progress towards generating strong optical nonlinearities at the few-photon level, for example with atoms coupled to small-mode-volume optical devices [17][18][19][20][21][22], Rydberg polaritons [23,24], and circuit-QED devices [25][26][27][28], this situation is rapidly changing. The production of strongly interacting, driven and dissipative gases of photons appears to be feasible [29,30], and affords exciting opportunities to explore the properties of open quantum systems in unique contexts, while studying the applicability of theoretical treatments designed with more weakly interacting systems in mind. For example, it is not fully understood how the steady states of these systems relate to the equilibrium states of their "closed" c...

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“…In particular,, by exploiting the unprecedented field enhancement in plasmonic structures, nonlinear interactions may be enhanced to remarkable levels 23 . In this context, one should mention that enhancing the interaction of light with thermal alkali vapours can also be achieved by using photonic-guided modes, as demonstrated in hollow core photonic crystal fibres 24,25 , hollow core antireflecting optical waveguides 26,27 , and tapered nanofibres 28,29 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fano resonances and all-optical switching in a resonantly coupled plasmonic–atomic system

2014

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The possibility of combining atomic and plasmonic resonances opens new avenues for tailoring the spectral properties of materials. Following the rapid progress in the field of plasmonics, it is now possible to confine light to unprecedented nanometre dimensions, enhancing light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. However, the resonant coupling between the relatively broad plasmonic resonance and the ultra-narrow fundamental atomic line remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a resonantly coupled plasmonic-atomic platform consisting of a surface plasmon resonance and rubidium ( 85 Rb) atomic vapour. Taking advantage of the Fano interplay between the atomic and plasmonic resonances, we are able to control the lineshape and the dispersion of this hybrid system. Furthermore, by exploiting the plasmonic enhancement of light-matter interactions, we demonstrate alloptical control of the Fano resonance by introducing an additional pump beam.

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Observation of Nonlinear Optical Interactions of Ultralow Levels of Light in a Tapered Optical Nanofiber Embedded in a Hot Rubidium Vapor

Cited by 134 publications

References 18 publications

Surface-Plasmon-Induced Modification on the Spontaneous Emission Spectrum via Subwavelength-Confined Anisotropic Purcell Factor

Surface-Plasmon-Induced Modification on the Spontaneous Emission Spectrum via Subwavelength-Confined Anisotropic Purcell Factor

Collective phases of strongly interacting cavity photons

Fano resonances and all-optical switching in a resonantly coupled plasmonic–atomic system

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