Observation of Ionic Liquid by Scanning Electron Microscope

Kuwabata, Susumu; Kongkanand, Anusorn; Oyamatsu, Daisuke; Torimoto, Tsukasa

doi:10.1246/cl.2006.600

Cited by 170 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3A). Kuwabata et al (2006) reported the direct observation of IL by SEM. Direct SEM observation of pollen grains pretreated with a 33% (v/v) ethanolic IL solution showed some degree of reticulate structure on the surface of the grains (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ILs can be utilized for studies under vacuum conditions because of their peculiar physicochemical properties, which include negligible vapor pressure and high ionic conductivity (Armand et al, 2009;Rogers, 2007;Rogers and Seddon, 2003;Seddon, 2003;Tsuda et al, 2011a). Recently, Kuwabata et al (2006) showed that ILs could be observed by SEM without the electroncharge accumulation from the so-called charge-up effect, although ILs possess ionic conductivity. It was subsequently demonstrated that IL-treated specimens swollen with water could be observed by SEM without the laborious pretreatment processes (Arimoto et al, 2008c;Dwiranti et al, 2012;Ishigaki et al, 2011a, b, c;Takahashi et al, 2013;Tsuda et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SEM Observation of Wet Lily Pollen Grains Pretreated with Ionic Liquid

Komai

Okada

Inoue

et al. 2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Mature pollen grains of Lilium cultivar, with their germ pores folded in upon themselves, were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conventional pretreatment process requires aldehyde fixation, dehydration, drying and metal sputtering for SEM observation. These complicated and laborious procedures can considerably alter the morphology of pollen grains. In order to omit this conventional pretreatment process, we established a novel technique utilizing an ionic liquid (IL) that is composed solely of ions, namely, a liquid salt that can remain in a molten state even at room temperature. IL-treated pollen grains could be observed under vacuum conditions without artifacts, and furthermore, a satisfactory SEM image could visualize pollen grains in a wet state. The possible direction of future studies on ionic liquids in the SEM field is also discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEM Observation of Wet Lily Pollen Grains Pretreated with Ionic Liquid

Komai

Okada

Inoue

et al. 2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…13,14 An alternate approach proposed by Kuwabata et al is the use of non-volatile electrolytes (i.e., ionic liquids) to coat a wet specimen for SEM observation. 15 SEM observation under low vacuum by cooling wet specimens to prevent evaporation of the solvent has also been reported. 16 However, none of the above techniques allow for in situ observation of dynamic processes such as solvent evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanometer-scale Real-space Observation and Material Processing for Polymer Materials under Atmospheric Pressure: Application of Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscopy

et al. 2014

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Direct observation of phenomena occurring under atmospheric conditions, especially at the nanometer scale, would offer a unique opportunity to understand the dynamics of various processes. A novel electron microscope, the atmospheric scanning electron microscope (ASEM), has recently been developed and allows for the observation of nanoscale objects under atmospheric conditions. In this paper, we present some examples of dynamic phenomena in polymer materials observed using ASEM. The first example is phase separation of a binary polymer blend upon solvent evaporation, a representative example of a non-linear non-equilibrium phenomenon in physics. Phaseseparated structures were found to appear at the final stage of solvent evaporation. Also, we found that irradiation of organic liquids (e.g., dibenzyl ether) with the ASEM electron beam induced polymerization, and the resulting material showed interesting cathodoluminescence behavior. Thus, ASEM may be useful as a tool for simultaneous polymerization and fabrication, in addition to offering a means for direct nanoscale observation of materials under atmospheric conditions.

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“…In 2006, we have succeeded in SEM observation of RTIL itself without charging behavior. 8 Subsequently a thin RTIL liquid layer spread on insulating materials was found to work as a conductive layer when the materials are observed by SEM. 912 Now there is a growing trend of the articles on the novel analytical technique combined with RTIL and SEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Electrochemical Reaction and Biological Specimen by Novel Analytical Technique Combined with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid and Scanning Electron Microscope

et al. 2012

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Room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) that is a liquid salt at or below room temperature is expected to be an innovative functional solvent and a liquid material due to its anomalous physicochemical properties such as negligible vapor pressure, flame resistance, and relatively-high conductivity. With an eye on what RTIL has negligible vapor pressure, we have created the analytical technique combined with RTIL and secondary electron microscope (SEM). In this paper, we report several RTIL-based SEM techniques that will be a useful analytical method in both electrochemistry and life science. The aim of this study is to show the utility of the RTIL-based SEM techniques.

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Observation of Ionic Liquid by Scanning Electron Microscope

Abstract: It has been discovered that ionic liquid can be observed by a scanning electron microscope without accumulation of electron charges, allowing SEM observation of insulating specimens wetted with ionic liquid.

Cited by 170 publications

References 22 publications

SEM Observation of Wet Lily Pollen Grains Pretreated with Ionic Liquid

SEM Observation of Wet Lily Pollen Grains Pretreated with Ionic Liquid

Nanometer-scale Real-space Observation and Material Processing for Polymer Materials under Atmospheric Pressure: Application of Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscopy

Observation of Electrochemical Reaction and Biological Specimen by Novel Analytical Technique Combined with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid and Scanning Electron Microscope

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