Observation of dust and anthropogenic aerosol plumes in the Northwest Pacific with a two‐wavelength polarization lidar on board the research vessel Mirai

Sugimoto, Naoki; Matsui, Ichiro; Shimizu, Atsushi; Uno, Itsushi; Asai, Keisuke; Endoh, Tatsuo; Nakajima, Teruyuki

doi:10.1029/2002gl015112

Cited by 130 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Particle depolarization ratios measured over the Sahara during the SAMUM-1 campaign were found to be of the order of 0.31 ± 0.03 at 532 nm (e.g., Freudenthaler et al, 2009). Values of 0.35 have also been reported in the literature for Asian dust from long-term observations over China and Japan (Sugimoto et al, 2002;Shimizu et al, 2004). Thus, the finding by Burton et al (2013) that pure dust CALIPSO classifications can, in reality, be dust mixtures (according to HSRL) is not surprising.…”

Section: Comparison Methodologysupporting

confidence: 57%

Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We demonstrate improvements in CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) dust extinction retrievals over northern Africa and Europe when corrections are applied regarding the Saharan dust lidar ratio assumption, the separation of the dust portion in detected dust mixtures, and the averaging scheme introduced in the Level 3 CALIPSO product. First, a universal, spatially constant lidar ratio of 58 sr instead of 40 sr is applied to individual Level 2 dust-related backscatter products. The resulting aerosol optical depths show an improvement compared with synchronous and collocated AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) measurements. An absolute bias of the order of −0.03 has been found, improving on the statistically significant biases of the order of −0.10 reported in the literature for the original CALIPSO product. When compared with the MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) collocated aerosol optical depth (AOD) product, the CALIPSO negative bias is even less for the lidar ratio of 58 sr. After introducing the new lidar ratio for the domain studied, we examine potential improvements to the climatological CALIPSO Level 3 extinction product: (1) by introducing a new methodology for the calculation of pure dust extinction from dust mixtures and (2) by applying an averaging scheme that includes zero extinction values for the nondust aerosol types detected. The scheme is applied at a horizontal spatial resolution of 1 • × 1 • for ease of comparison with the instantaneous and collocated dust extinction profiles simulated by the BSC-DREAM8b dust model. Comparisons show that the extinction profiles retrieved with the proposed methodology reproduce the well-known model biases per subregion examined. The very good agreement of the proposed CALIPSO extinction product with respect to AERONET, MODIS and the BSC-DREAM8b dust model makes this dataset an ideal candidate for the provision of an accurate and robust multiyear dust climatology over northern Africa and Europe.

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Section: Comparison Methodologysupporting

confidence: 57%

Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals

et al. 2013

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“…This is in contrast with non-dust observations suggesting that anthropogenic SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 are associated with NH + 4 in fine particles. Lidar observations showed that the aerosols were possibly an internal mixture of dust and sulfate during dusty days in the northeast Pacific (Sugimoto et al, 2002). Jordan et al (2003) estimated that 43 % of sulfate came from Asian dust particles during an intensive aircraft-based aerosol sampling program as part of TRACE-P.…”

Section: J LI Et Al: a Model Case Study Of A Super-duststorm In Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing of Asian mineral dust with anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia: a model case study of a super-duststorm in March 2010

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Mixing of Asian mineral dust with anthropogenic pollutants allows pollutants (e.g. sulfate and nitrate) to be transported over longer distances (e.g. to the northern Pacific, even to North America) along with dust particles. This mixing therefore affects the atmospheric and oceanic environment at local, regional and even continental scales. In this study, we used a three-dimensional regional chemical transport model (Nested Air Quality Predicting Modeling System, NAQPMS) to examine the degree of mixing between Asian mineral dust and anthropogenic pollutants in a superduststorm event during 19-22 March 2010. Influences of the mixing processes on regional atmospheric environmental and oceanic biogeochemical cycles were also investigated. A comparison with measurements showed that the model reproduced well the trajectory of long-range dust transport, the vertical dust profile, and the chemical evolution of dust particles. We found that along-path mixing processes during the long-range transport of Asian dust led to increasingly polluted particles. As a result, ∼ 60 % of the sulfate and 70-95 % of the nitrate in the downwind regions was derived from active mixing processes of minerals with pollutants sourced from the North China Plain and enhanced by transport over South China. This mixing had a significant impact on the regional-scale atmospheric composition and oceanic biogeochemical cycle. Surface HNO 3 , SO 2 and O 3 were decreased by up to 90 %, 40 % and 30 %, respectively, due to the heterogeneous reactions on dust particles. Fe solubility rose from ∼ 0.5 % in the Gobi region to ∼ 3-5 % in the northwestern Pacific, resulting from oxidization of SO 2 on dust particles. Total Fe(II) deposition in the ocean region of East Asia reached 327 tons during the 4-day dust event, and created a calculated primary productivity of ∼ 520 mgC m −2 d −1 in the Kuril Islands, which can support almost 100 % of the observed mean marine primary productivity in spring in this region (526 mgC m −2 d −1 ).

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“…The ground-based SNU lidar (SNU-L) has also the same two wavelengths as CALIOP (1064 and 532 nm) with the depolarization ratio measurement at 532 nm (Kim et al, 2006;Shimizu et al, 2004;Sugimoto et al, 2002Sugimoto et al, , 2005Sugimoto et al, , 2006. It was developed by the Japanese National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) and has been operated as part (Kim et al, 2006).…”

Section: Space-borne Lidar Caliop Onboard Calipsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of aerosol and cloud layer structures from the space-borne lidar CALIOP using a ground-based lidar in Seoul, Korea

et al. 2008

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Abstract. We present initial validation results of the space-borne lidar CALIOP onboard CALIPSO satellite using coincidental observations from a ground-based lidar in Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Korea (37.46 • N, 126.95 • E). We analyze six selected cases between September 2006 and February 2007, including 3 daytime and 3 night-time observations and covering different types of clear and cloudy atmospheric conditions. Apparent scattering ratios calculated from the two lidar measurements of total attenuated backscatter at 532 nm show similar aerosol and cloud layer structures both under cloud-free conditions and in cases of multiple aerosol layers underlying semitransparent cirrus clouds. Agreement on top and base heights of cloud and aerosol layers is generally within 0.10 km, particularly during night-time. This result confirms that the CALIPSO science team algorithms for the discrimination of cloud and aerosol as well as for the detection of layer top and base altitude provide reliable information in such atmospheric conditions. This accuracy of the planetary boundary layer top height under cirrus cloud appears, however, limited during daytime. Under thick cloud conditions, however, information on the cloud top (bottom) height only is reliable from CALIOP (ground-based lidar) due to strong signal attenuations. However, simultaneous space-borne CALIOP and ground-based SNU lidar (SNU-L) measurements complement each other and can be combined to provide full information on the vertical distribution of aerosols and clouds. An aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio (BER) estimated from lidar and sunphotometer synergy at the SNU site during the CALIOP overpass is assessed to be 0.023±0.004 sr −1 (i.e. a lidar ratio of 43.2±6.2 sr) fromCorrespondence to: S.-W. Kim (sang-woo.kim@cea.fr) CALIOP and 0.027±0.006 sr −1 (37.4±7.2 sr) from SNU-L. For aerosols within the planetary boundary layer under cloud-free conditions, the aerosol extinction profiles from both lidars are in agreement within about 0.02 km −1 . Under semi-transparent cirrus clouds, such profiles also show good agreement for the night-time CALIOP flight, but large discrepancies are found for the daytime flights due to a small signal-to-noise ratio of the CALIOP data.

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Observation of dust and anthropogenic aerosol plumes in the Northwest Pacific with a two‐wavelength polarization lidar on board the research vessel Mirai

Cited by 130 publications

References 13 publications

Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals

Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals

Mixing of Asian mineral dust with anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia: a model case study of a super-duststorm in March 2010

Validation of aerosol and cloud layer structures from the space-borne lidar CALIOP using a ground-based lidar in Seoul, Korea

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