Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates

Utsunomiya, Shoko; Tian, Lin; Roumpos, Georgios; Lai, Chih‐Wei; Kumada, N.; Fujisawa, Toshimasa; Kuwata‐Gonokami, Makoto; Löffler, Andreas; Höfling, Sven; Forchel, A.; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1038/nphys1034

Cited by 282 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…21,22 Microcavity polaritons, for which superfluidity has first been demonstrated through frictionless measurements, 3,4 appear as a model system to investigate the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum. 13,14,23,24 These composite bosons show indeed unique properties inherited from both their components: a very small mass from the photonic part and Coulomb mediated repulsive interactions from the excitonic one. A first attempt to measure the Bogoliubov dispersion in a spontaneous polariton condensate has been carried out through photoluminescence experiments.…”

Section: Bogoliubov Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first attempt to measure the Bogoliubov dispersion in a spontaneous polariton condensate has been carried out through photoluminescence experiments. 13 Our work is based on a different approach suggested by Wouters and Carusotto: the superfluid excitation spectrum can be probed in the single-particle basis through four-wave mixing processes. 24 When a quiescent polariton condensate (k = 0) is submitted to an optical perturbation at a wave vector k < ξ −1 , Bogoliubov excitations are generated, resulting in light emission at the opposite wave vector −k.…”

Section: Bogoliubov Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Such a negative energy resonance has been first observed by Vogels et al with condensates of sodium atoms in a magnetic trap. 12 Recently, the Bogoliubov dispersion has been investigated in the solid state in a coherent polariton gas, 13 and the ghost dispersion branch has finally been observed. 14 Microcavity polariton fluid is extremely different from other bosonic quantum fluids as polaritons originate from the strong coupling of quantum-well excitons with cavity modes of semiconductor microcavities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four-wave mixing excitations in a dissipative polariton quantum fluid

et al. 2012

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The Bogoliubov transformation of a polariton quantum fluid has recently been revealed in the four-wave mixing response of a driven microcavity polariton gas. In this work, we investigate the modifications that the dual nature of microcavity polaritons produce on the excitations of this particular half-light-half-matter quantum fluid. We discuss in particular the Bogoliubov character of the excitations of a lower polariton superfluid when it coexists with upper polaritons. We show unique effects resulting from the interplay between polariton decay and Bogoliubov transformation such as the modification of the Bogoliubov dispersion or the slowing down of the four-wave mixing dynamics.

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Section: Bogoliubov Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bogoliubov Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four-wave mixing excitations in a dissipative polariton quantum fluid

et al. 2012

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“…The latter statement is also supported by several experimental studies. In [18], a GaAs structure less affected by disorder than CdTe sample has been studied. The dispersion of elementary excitations was claimed to pass from parabolic to linear above threshold.…”

Section: Static Condensate In a Disorder Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have therefore been strongly studied since the year 2000 and the pioneering works of Savvidis [56], Stevenson [57], and the strong theoretical contribution of Ciuti [58,59]. After the claiming by the Yamamoto's group of the observation of this linear Bogolubov dispersion [18], some doubts came from the fact that they did not observe the negative part of the dispersion. Recently the Lausanne group attacked this question, by trying to observe this "ghost branch" by heterodyne detection [60].…”

Section: B) Superfluiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorder Effects on Exciton–Polariton Condensates

Malpuech

Solnyshkov

2012

Exciton Polaritons in Microcavities

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SummaryThe impact of a random disorder potential on the dynamical properties of Bose Einstein condensates is a very wide research field. In microcavities, these studies are even more crucial than in the condensates of cold atoms, since random disorder is naturally present in the semiconductor structures. In this chapter, we consider a stable condensate, defined by a chemical potential, propagating in a random disorder potential, like a liquid flowing through a capillary. We analyze the interplay between the kinetic energy, the localization energy, and the interaction between particles in 1D and 2D polariton condensates. The finite life time of polaritons is taken into account as well. In the first part, we remind the results of [G. Malpuech et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 206402 (2007).] where we considered the case of a static condensate. In that case, the condensate forms either a glassy insulating phase at low polariton density (strong localization), or a superfluid phase above the percolation threshold. We also show the calculation of the first order spatial coherence of the condensate versus the condensate density. In the second part, we consider the case of a propagating non-interacting condensate which is always localized because of Anderson localization. The localization length is calculated in the Born approximation. The impact of the finite polariton life time is taken into account as well. In the last section we consider the case of a propagating interacting condensate where the three regimes of strong localization, Anderson localization, and superfluid behavior are accessible. The localization length is calculated versus the system parameters. The localization length is strongly modified with respect to the non-interacting case. It is infinite in the superfluid regime whereas it is strongly reduced if the fluid flows with a supersonic velocity (Cerenkov regime). I IntroductionIn a normal fluid, the viscosity arises because of the elastic scattering of the particles which compose it. This includes both the scattering on the external potential, for example, the walls of the capillary, and the scattering of the particles on each other, if their velocities are different. In contrast to that, for a condensate of weakly interacting bosons (a Bose-Einstein condensate -BEC), which will be the main object studied in this chapter, single independent particles are replaced by collective sonic-like excitations [1,2]. As a result, such condensate propagating with a velocity smaller than the speed of sound cannot dissipate its kinetic energy by scattering on a disorder potential or on the non-condensed particles. This collective behavior results in a vanishing mechanical viscosity, called superfluidity.However, sometimes the potential fluctuations can be large enough to destroy the superfluid behavior of a Bose condensate by provoking its complete localization. The question of the interplay between kinetic energy, localization energy, and the interaction between particles has been widely studied in solid state physic...

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Zero‐ and π‐States in a Periodic Array of Deep Photonic Wires

Mischok

Lyssenko

Bruckner

et al. 2014

Advanced Optical Materials

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A one‐dimensional periodic rectangular potential, also known as the Kronig‐Penney (KP) potential, transforms the parabolic dispersion of a free particle into a set of bands separated by bandgaps. However, if the potential wells are deep enough, the lowest bands converge into a set of single discrete states, numbered from j = 1 to j = jmax, which can be even or odd, describing the number of extrema. Here, discrete and continuous KP states are experimentally observed within a periodically modulated metal–organic microcavity. Depending on the width of the photonic wires, the thickness of the cavity, and the added metal grating, the parity of the highest localized state jmax can be either even or odd, leading to a complementary parity of the first continuous mode. The apex of this Bloch‐like state in turn either starts at k = 0, or a π‐state at the edges of the Brillouin zone, formed by the periodic metallic wires. An easy analytical explanation and numerical confirmation of zero‐ or π‐phase locking for laser modes in spatially modulated microcavities are provided.

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Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates

Cited by 282 publications

References 22 publications

Four-wave mixing excitations in a dissipative polariton quantum fluid

Four-wave mixing excitations in a dissipative polariton quantum fluid

Disorder Effects on Exciton–Polariton Condensates

Zero‐ and π‐States in a Periodic Array of Deep Photonic Wires

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